Blood transfusion Flashcards
What differentiates blood groups?
Red cell antigens
What antigens can be expressed on red cells?
Proteins
Lipids
Sugars
What are the ABO phenotypes?
Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O
What antigen is presented in type A?
N-acetyl-galactosamine
What antigen is presented in type B blood?
Galactose
What antigens does type A have antibodies for?
B antigens
What antigens does type B have antibodies for?
A antigens
What antigens does type AB have antibodies for?
None
What antigens does type O have antibodies for?
A and B
What type of blood is a type A patient able to safely receive?
A
O
What type of blood is a type B patient able to safely receive?
B
O
What type of blood is a type AB patient safe to receive?
A
B
AB
O
What type of blood is a type O patient safe to receive?
O only
What is the RhD blood group system?
Either presence or absence of the Rh antigen
What are the main antigens in RhD positive people?
D C c E e
What happens to RhD negative people if exposed to RhD positive cells?
Antibodies produced, causing transfusion reactions or haemolytic disease in newborn
What is asked about when someone donates blood?
Sex
Age
Travel
Tattoos
What tests are done in people donating blood?
ABO and Rh blood groups
Screen for blood borne viruses eg hepB/C/E, HIV
Screened for parasites ie malaria
What are indications for red cell transfusion?
Correct severe acute anaemia
Improve quality of life in patient with otherwise uncorrectable anaemia
Prepare a patient for surgery or speed up recovery
Reverse damage cause by patient’s own red cells
What temperature are red cells stored at?
4oC
How long should a red cell transfusion be done over?
2-4 hours
How long should a platelet transfusion be done over?
20-30 minutes
What are indications for platelet transfusion?
Massive haemorrhage
Bone marrow failure
Prophylaxis for surgery
Cardiopulmonary bypass
What are indications for plasma component transfusion?
Massive haemorrhage
Disseminated intravascular coagulation with bleeding
Prophylactic
What is the most common trigger for haemolytic disease of the newborn?
RhD
How is haemolytic disease of the newborn prevented?
Prophylactic anti-D at 28/40
How is haemolytic disease of the newborn treated?
Antibody titres
Doppler ultrasound
Intrauterine transfusions
What are cellular therapies for haemolytic disease of the newborn?
Bone marrow harvest
Donor lymphocyte infusions
