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Haematology and immunology > Blood transfusion > Flashcards

Blood transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

What differentiates blood groups?

A

Red cell antigens

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2
Q

What antigens can be expressed on red cells?

A

Proteins
Lipids
Sugars

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3
Q

What are the ABO phenotypes?

A

Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O

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4
Q

What antigen is presented in type A?

A

N-acetyl-galactosamine

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5
Q

What antigen is presented in type B blood?

A

Galactose

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6
Q

What antigens does type A have antibodies for?

A

B antigens

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7
Q

What antigens does type B have antibodies for?

A

A antigens

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8
Q

What antigens does type AB have antibodies for?

A

None

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9
Q

What antigens does type O have antibodies for?

A

A and B

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10
Q

What type of blood is a type A patient able to safely receive?

A

A

O

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11
Q

What type of blood is a type B patient able to safely receive?

A

B

O

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12
Q

What type of blood is a type AB patient safe to receive?

A

A
B
AB
O

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13
Q

What type of blood is a type O patient safe to receive?

A

O only

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14
Q

What is the RhD blood group system?

A

Either presence or absence of the Rh antigen

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15
Q

What are the main antigens in RhD positive people?

A 
D
C
c
E
e
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16
Q

What happens to RhD negative people if exposed to RhD positive cells?

A

Antibodies produced, causing transfusion reactions or haemolytic disease in newborn

17
Q

What is asked about when someone donates blood?

A

Sex
Age
Travel
Tattoos

18
Q

What tests are done in people donating blood?

A

ABO and Rh blood groups
Screen for blood borne viruses eg hepB/C/E, HIV
Screened for parasites ie malaria

19
Q

What are indications for red cell transfusion?

A

Correct severe acute anaemia
Improve quality of life in patient with otherwise uncorrectable anaemia
Prepare a patient for surgery or speed up recovery
Reverse damage cause by patient’s own red cells

20
Q

What temperature are red cells stored at?

A

4oC

21
Q

How long should a red cell transfusion be done over?

A

2-4 hours

22
Q

How long should a platelet transfusion be done over?

A

20-30 minutes

23
Q

What are indications for platelet transfusion?

A

Massive haemorrhage
Bone marrow failure
Prophylaxis for surgery
Cardiopulmonary bypass

24
Q

What are indications for plasma component transfusion?

A

Massive haemorrhage
Disseminated intravascular coagulation with bleeding
Prophylactic

25
Q

What is the most common trigger for haemolytic disease of the newborn?

A

RhD

26
Q

How is haemolytic disease of the newborn prevented?

A

Prophylactic anti-D at 28/40

27
Q

How is haemolytic disease of the newborn treated?

A

Antibody titres
Doppler ultrasound
Intrauterine transfusions

28
Q

What are cellular therapies for haemolytic disease of the newborn?

A

Bone marrow harvest

Donor lymphocyte infusions

Haematology and immunology (19 decks)

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