haematological neoplasia Flashcards
What are the 2 first major divisions of the classification system (WHO 2008 standard)?
- myeloid neoplasma & acute leukaemia
2. Lymphoid neoplasms
What are 3 sub-categories of the myeloid neoplasms and acute leukaemia?
- myeloproliferative neoplasms
- myelodysplastic syndromes
- acute myeloid leukaemia and related neoplasms
What are 3 sub-types of myoproliferative neoplasms
- chronic myeloid leukaemia
- polycythemia vera
- essential thrombocythemia (ET)
Difference b/w chronic leukaemia and acute leukaemia
- Chronic: matured & well-differentiated hematopeoetic cells = recognisable cell type
- Acute: poorly differentiated hematopoietic cells = unrecognisable cell type
Other names for chronic leukaemia
- chronic myeloid/myelogenous leukaemia
- myeloproliferative neoplasm
What do you expect to see in blood film from a person with chronic myeloid leukaemia?
- neutrophilia : >50%
- eosinophilia & basophilia
- <2% blast
how can chronic myelogenous leukaemia be confirmed
- identify genetic lesion ie. look for philadelphia chromosome (translocation b/w 9 & 22 => BCR-ABL1 fusion gene)
What do you expect to see in blood film from a person with acute myeloid leukaemia?
- > 20% blast cells
- poor differenctiated cells
Other names for acute leukaemia
- acute myeloid leukaemia
- precursor lymphoid neoplasms
acute leukaemia cna be divided into: (2)
- AML: acute myeloid leukaemia
- ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
What are the non-specific symptoms & sympotoms (clinical presentation) of acute leukaemia
- NOTE: affect BM => affect production of WBC, RBC, plt
- anaemia -> pallor & fatigue
- thrombocytopenia -> bruising & bleeding
- neutropenia -> fever & infections
3 types of tests that can assist you in identifying cell origin & cell lineage
- cytochemistry:
- Immuno phenotype: flow cytometry
- cytogenetics: FISH to detect chromo. abnormality
- molecular biology: genetic lesions
