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Revision from notes > Haem > Flashcards

Haem Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of neutropenic sepsis

A

IV tazocin (piperacilin and tazobactam)

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2
Q

Treatment of Waldenstroms macroglubulinaemia

A

Chemotherapy

Plasmapheresis

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3
Q

How long should you treat provoked DVT for?

A

3 months

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4
Q

How would you treat low fibrinogen levels?

A

Cryoprecipitate

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5
Q

When would you see a c-myc gene translocation?

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

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6
Q

How would you treat von Willebrand’s disease

A

Tranexamic acid/desmopressin/factor VIII concentrate

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7
Q

What investigation should you do in polycythemia rubra vera?

A

Do JAK-2 mutation screen

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8
Q

Adverse effect of anthracyclines?

A

They can cause cardiomyopathy

danrubicin, doxorubicin, mephalan

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9
Q

Adverse effects of vinblastin/vincristine?

A

Can cause neuropathy

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10
Q

Adverse effect of cis-platin?

A

Nephrotoxicity

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11
Q

Auer rod

A

AML

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12
Q

Philadelphia chromosome

A

CML

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13
Q

How to reverse heparin

A

Protamine

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14
Q

How to reverse warfarin?

A

1) omit dose
2) administer vitamin K
3) administer clotting factors (FFP or factor concentrate)

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15
Q

What type of anticoagulant would you use for prophylaxis in elective hip and knee surgery?

A

NOAC e.g. apixaban, rivaroxiban, dabigatran

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16
Q

Normal quantity of free light chain production

A

Normally 0.5g/day (if more then excess can leak into urine as bence-jones protein)

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17
Q

CD20+ve cells

A

Follicular non-hodgkins

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18
Q

CD30+ve cells

A

Hodgkins lymphoma

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19
Q

Reed steernberg cells

A

Hodgkins

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20
Q

When is platelet transfusion contraindicated?

A

In HUS and TTP

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21
Q

Most common type of hodgkin lymphoma

A

Nodular sclerosing

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22
Q

This type of hodgkins lymphoma is associated with lacunar cells

A

Nodular sclerosing

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23
Q

Which type of hodgkin lymphoma carries the best prognosis?

A

Lymphocyte predominant

24
Q

Which type of hodgkin lymphoma carries the worst prognosis?

A

Lymphocyte depleted

25
Q

What does a raised LDH suggest?

A

Suggests cell lysis

26
Q

Severe pain on alcohol consumption

A

Hodgkins

27
Q

What is aplastic anaemia?

A

Normocytic anaemia
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia

28
Q

Treatment of aplastic crises?

A

Treatment is by managing symptoms of anaemia –> usually with a blood transfusion

29
Q

First line management of hairy cell leukaemia?

A

Chemotherapy

30
Q

When should you give aspirin to pregnant women who have anti-phospholipid syndrome?

A

Initiate once a fetal heart is seen on ultrasound and continue up until 34 weeks

31
Q

Mirror image nuclei?

A

These are reed sternberg cells - seen in Hodgkins

32
Q

If you are giving more than two units of packed red cells, what should you also give?

A

Should give loop diuretic - giving more than two units can result in fluid overload

33
Q

What blood product is most likely to cause an iatrogenic septicaemia with a gram positive organism?

A

Platelets

34
Q

When would you see smudge/smear cells?

A

CLL

35
Q

Diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis

A

Osmotic fragility test

36
Q

Which condition might you see a rouleaux in?

A

Myeloma

37
Q

What might you see on a blood film post-splenectomy?

A

Howell-Jolly bodies, target cells, pappenheimer bodies

38
Q

What is evan’s syndrome?

A

ITP in association with warm AIHA

39
Q

What happens during a sequestration crisis?

A

The sickle cells cause the spleen to become grossly enlarged. This causes abdominal pain.
This is more common in childhood and eventually repeated sequestration and infarction of the spleen results in auto-splenectomy.

A sequestration crisis may result in severe anaemia, marked pallor and cardiovascular collapse due to loss of circulating volume

40
Q

Why might you use irradiated blood products?

A

They reduce the risk of graft versus host disease

41
Q

What type of blood should you use for transfusions in pregnancy?

A

CMV negative blood

42
Q

Which antibiotics can cause haemolysis in G6PD?

A

Co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin

43
Q

The COC and surgery?

A

Stop pill 4 weeks before surgery

44
Q

These are recommended for the treatment of post-thrombotic syndrome

A

Compression stockings (e.g. graduated compression stockings)

45
Q

What might myelodysplasia progress to?

A

May progress to AML

46
Q

“CRAB” features of multiple myeloma

A

hyperCalcaemia
Renal failure
Anaemia (and thrombocytopenia)
Bone fractures/lytic lesions

47
Q

Investigation for myeloma

A

Serum electrophoresis

48
Q

When does transfusion associated graft versus host disease occur?

A

Usually occurs 4-30 days after a transfusion

49
Q

What can you give to stimulate release of von willebrand factor?

A

Desmopressin

50
Q

Most common type of lymphoma in the UK?

A

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

51
Q

What is Ritcher’s transformation?

A

When CLL transformed to high grade lymphoma (non-hodgkins)

52
Q

What is cryoprecipitate mainly made from?

A

Factor VIII

53
Q

Abdominal pain, motor peripheral neuropathy and blue line around gums

A

Lead poisoning

54
Q

Most useful test to establish polycythemia rubra vera?

A

JAK2 mutation screen

55
Q

Most common inherited thrombophilia?

A

Activated protein C resistance (factor V leiden)

56
Q

Common cause of tumour lysis syndrome

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

57
Q

Characteristic blood film finding of CLL

A

Smear cells (also called smudge cells)

Revision from notes (16 decks)

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