Fluids

Question 1

Basal requirements (for 70kg man)

Answer 1

2-2.5L

1-2mmol/kg of sodium and potassium

Question 2

What can happen if you infuse large amounts of NaCl- very quickly?

Answer 2

Can cause severe metabolic acidosis (H+ comes out of cells to neutralise Cl-)

Question 3

NaCl equilibrates with which fluid compartment?

Answer 3

ECF (interstitial and plasma)

Question 4

5% glucose equilibrates with which fluid compartment?

Answer 4

All of them

Question 5

Which compartment does Hartmann’s solution equilibrate with?

Answer 5

ECF (interstitial and plasma)

Question 6

Which compartments does gelofusine/colloid equilibrate

Answer 6

Increases plasma
Decreases interstitial fluid
(its a big molecule so water follows it)

Question 7

Which fluid compartment affected in dehydration?

Answer 7

All of them

Question 8

Which fluid compartment affected in hypovolaemia?

Answer 8

Plasma

Question 9

Which fluid compartments affected in vomiting/diarrhoea?

Answer 9

Interstitial and plasma

Question 10

Name 2 cyrstalloids

Answer 10

Hartmann’s

Saline

Question 11

What is the quickest you can give potassium?

Answer 11

10mmol per hour (so a 40mmol/l bag would take 4 hours)

Question 12

What type of monitoring does someone need if you are giving them calcium?

Answer 12

Should be on a cardiac monitor

Question 13

How quickly can you give calcium replacement?

Answer 13

10mls of 10% at 1ml per minute
(so would take 10 minutes)
MUST BE ON A CARDIAC MONITOR WHEN YOU ARE GIVING THIS

Question 14

How quickly can you give magnesium?

Answer 14

Can give 2g (8mmol) over 20 minutes