HA: THORAC AND LUNGS Flashcards
The portion of the body extending
from base of neck to the diaphragm.
Thorax
3 parts cpntained in thorax
Contains the lungs, portion of the
trachea & bronchi; constitutes the
lower respiratory system
Shape- bony, conical shape, narrower at top
borders
Thoracic cage
What does the thoracic cage contain of[
-sternum
-12 pairs of ribs
-12 thoracic vertebrae
-muscles
-cartilage
What are the 3 parts of sternum?
-manubrium
-body
-xiphoid process
1st seven ribs are
attached to the sternum
(costal cartilages)
Ribs 8,9,&10
attach to the costal
cartilage above
Ribs 11 & 12 is also called as
floating ribs
the floor, separates the
thoracic cavity from the abdomen
Diaphragm
What are the 4 anterior thoracic landmarks?
-suprasternal notch
-sternum
-angle of louis
-costal angle
U shaped
depression
Suprasternal Notch
“breastbone”
sternum
manubriosternal
angle continuous with the 2nd Rib
Angle of Louise
usually 90 or <.
(increases when rib cage is chronically overinflated
Costal Angle
What are the 4 posterior thoracic landmarks?
-vertebra prominens
-scapula
-spinous process
-12th rib
Flex head, feel
most prominent bony projection at base
of neck = C7 next lower one is T1
Vertebra Prominens
spinal column
Spinous Processes
symmetrical , lower tip
at the 7 -8 the Rib
scapula
midway b/t spine & side
12th rib
Reference line in Anterior Chest
oMidsternal line
oMidclavicular line (right
and left)
Reference line for posterior chest
oVertebral line – midspinal
oScapular line (right and left)
Reference lines in lateral chest
–Anterior Axillary line
–Posterior Axillary line
–Mid–axillary line
the middle of thoracic cavity
mediastinum
mediastinum contains;
❑Esophagus
❑Trachea
❑Heart
❑Great Vessels
True/False
Pleural Cavities on either side of the
mediastinum does not contain the lungs
False
a flexible structure anterior to esophagus
made up of C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
trachea
composed
of C-shaped
hyaline cartilages,
maintains its
shape and helps
prevent collapse.
trachea
Bronchi and
trachea are ____ ______, mainly
passageway for ___.
“dead spaces” “air”
Two cone shaped
elastic structure in
the thoracic cavity
lungs
part of the lungs that extends above
the clavicle
apex
it is at the level of he diaphragm
base
what are the3 lung borders?
-anterior chest
-lateral chest
-posterioly
Lobes of the right lung
▪ 3 lobes, upper,
middle , lower
▪ Shorter due to
liver
lobes of the left lung
▪ LUL = Left Upper
and Lower ( 2
lobes)
▪ Narrower due to
the heart structure
“True or false”
Left lung has no middle lobe.
True
True/False
Anterior chest contains upper & middle
lobes with very little lower lobe
True
True/False
Posterior chest has almost all lower lobe. R
middle lobe does not project into the
posterior chest
True
The Thoracic Cavity is lined by a thin, double-layered serous membrane referred to as the
pleura
A kind of pleura that lines the chest cavity.
Parietal pleura
A kind of pleura that lines the external surface of the lungs
visceral pleura
A kind of pleura that contains s fluids & allows movement
of the layers w/o friction
PLEURAL SPACE,
pattern of air passageway
-larynx-trachea-bronchi-bronchioles
4 Major Functions of the Respiratory
System
❑ Supply O2 for energy production
❑ Remove CO2 , waste product of energy
reactions
❑ Homeostasis, acid-base balance of arterial
blood
❑ Heat exchange
Lungs help to maintain the pH
balance by adjusting the amt. of
CO2 through:
❑ Hypoventilation
❑Hyperventilation
what are the 3 normal breath sounds
-Bronchial {short inhale}
-Bronchovesicular {SAME BOTH}
-Vesicular {long inhale}
Adventitious sounds
Discontinue Sounds
-Crackles {fine}
-Crackles {coarse}
Continuous Sounds
-Pleural friction rub
-Wheeze {sibilant}
-Wheeze {sonorous}
high-pitched, short, popping sound during inhalation
Crackles fine
low-pitched, bubbling , moist
crackles coarse
low-pitched, dry, grating sound
pleural friction rub
high-pitched musical sounds heard primarily during expiration
wheeze sibilant
low-pitched snoring or moaning sounds
wheeze sonorous
increased rate and depth
hyperventilation
rapid, deep, labored
kussmaul
decreased rate, depth ad irregular pattern
hypoventilation
regular pattern characterized by alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing followed by apnea
cheyne-strokes respiration
irregular pattern characterized by varying depth and rate of respirations followed by periods of apnea
biot respiration
