HA: ABDOMINAL ASSESSMENT Flashcards by Karyl Cheska Bañadera

forms the upper surface of the abdomen

diaphragm

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is the body space between the thorax (chest) and
pelvis.

abdomen (commonly called the belly)

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These organs are held together loosely by
_____________________ that allow them to expand and to slide against each other.

connecting tissues (mesentery)

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At the level of the pelvic
bones the ______ end and the _______ begins.

abdomen ; pelvis

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contains all the digestive organs, including the stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

abdomen

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The abdomen also contains the _________ and ____________

kidneys and spleen.

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Many important blood vessels travel through the abdomen, including the ___________________

aorta, inferior
vena cava, and dozens of their smaller branches.

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In the front, the abdomen is protected by a
thin, tough layer of tissue called __________

fascia

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In front of the fascia are the __________ and __________

abdominal muscles and
skin.

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In the rear of the abdomen are the ________ and ___________

back muscles and spine

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The abdomen is bordered:
 Superiorly by the ____________
 Inferiorly by the _______________
 Laterally by the _____________

coastal margins
symphysis pubis and inguinal canals
flanks

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TRUE OR FALSE: It is important to understand the anatomic divisions known as the abdominal quadrants, the abdominal muscle walls, and the internal anatomy of the abdominal cavity in order to perform an adequate assessment of the abdomen.

TRUE

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What are the 4 Abdominal Quadrants?

a. Right Upper
Quadrant (RUQ)
b. Right Lower
Quadrant (RLQ)
c. Left Upper
Quadrant (LUQ)
d. Left Lower
Quadrant (LLQ)

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TRUE OR FALSE: The quadrants are determined by an imaginary vertical line (midline( extending from
the tip of the sternum(xiphoid) through the umbilicus to the symphysis pubis.

TRUE

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TRUE OR FALSE: This line is bisected perpendicularly by the lateral line, which runs through the umbilicus across the abdomen.

TRUE

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What are the Abdominal Regions?

Epigastric
region
Umbilical region
Hypogastric or
suprapubic region.

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Ascending Colon
 Transverse Colon
 Duodenum
 Gall Bladder
 Hepatic Flexure of Colon
 Liver
 Head of the Pancreas
 Pylorus (small bowel or ileum which
transverses all quadrants)
 Right adrenal gland
 Right kidney (upper pole)
 Right ureter

RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT (RUQ)

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 Appendix
 Ascending Colon
 Cecum
 Right kidney (lower pole)
 Right ovary and fallopian tube
 Right ureter
 Right spermatic cord

RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT (RLQ)

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 Left adrenal gland
 Left kidney (upper pole)
 Left ureter
 Body and tail of the Pancreas
 Spleen
 Splenic flexure of colon
 Stomach
 Transverses Descending Colon

LEFT UPPER QUADRANT (LUQ)

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 Left kidney (lower pole)
 Left ovary and fallopian tube
 Left ureter
 Left spermatic cord
 Descending colon
 Sigmoid colon

LEFT LOWER QUADRANT (LLQ)

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 Liver
 Gallbladder
 Right kidney
 Small intestine

RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC
REGION

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 Gallbladder
 Liver
 Right colon

RIGHT LUMBAR REGION

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 Appendix
 Cecum

RIGHT ILIAC (INGUINAL)
REGION

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 Stomach
 Liver
 Pancreas
 Duodenum
 Spleen
 Adrenal glands

EPIGASTRIC REGION

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 Umbilicus (Navel)  Duodenum  Parts of the small intestine

UMBILICAL REGION

 Urinary Bladder  Sigmoid colon  Female reproductive system

HYPOGASTRIC REGION

 Pancreas  Spleen  Colon  Left kidney

LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION

 Left Kidney  Descending colon

LEFT LUMBAR REGION

 Descending colon  Sigmoid colon

LEFT ILIAC (INGUINAL) REGION

Functions of the _____________: 1. Protect the internal organs 2. Allow normal compression during functional activities such as coughing, sneezing, urination, defecation, and childbirth.

Abdominal Wall Muscles

3 layers of Muscle

a. External Abdominal Oblique – outer most layer b. Internal Abdominal Oblique – middle layer c. Transverse Abdominis – innermost layer

outer most layer of muscle

External Abdominal Oblique

middle layer of the muscle

Internal Abdominal Oblique

innermost layer of the muscle

Transverse Abdominis

Connective tissue from these muscles extends forward to encase a vertical muscle of the anterior abdominal wall. This also provides strength to the abdominal wall.

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

Fibers and connective tissue extensions.

APONEUROSES

* Joining of these muscle fibers and aponeurons at the midline of the abdomen and forms a white line. * Extends vertically from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the symphysis pubis

LINEA ALBA

___________ is a thin, shiny, serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and provides a protective covering for most of the internal abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum).

Peritoneum

Within the abdominal cavity are structures (abdominal viscera) of several different body systems:

 Gastrointestinal System  Female Reproductive System  Lymphatic System  Urinary System

2 Types of Abdominal Viscera

1. Solid Viscera 2. Hollow Viscera

 These are organs that maintain their shape consistently.  Liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, and uterus.

1. Solid Viscera

 Consists of structures that change shape depending on their contents.  Stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon and bladder.

2. Hollow Viscera

TRUE OR FALSE: Whether abdominal viscera are palpable it still depends on location, structural consistency and size.

TRUE

Characteristics of ____________  Largest solid organ in the body  Composed of 4 lobes

LIVER

Characteristics of ____________  Long gland

PANCREAS

Characteristics of ____________  Soft, flat structure

SPLEEN

Characteristics of ____________  The female gonads  Primary female reproductive organs

UTERUS & OVARIES

Characteristics of ____________  Glandular, bean shaped organs  Considered posterior organs  Tops of both kidneys are protected by the posterior rib cage

KIDNEYS

LOCATION of ________________  Below the diaphragm  Extends below the right costal margin  RUQ of the abdomen

LIVER

LOCATION of ________________ Mostly behind the stomach deep in the upper abdomen  Extends across the abdomen from the RUQ to the LUQ

PANCREAS

LOCATION of ________________  Above the left kidney  Below the diaphragm at the level of 9th, 10th and 11th ribs.  Posterior to the left mid axillary line  Posterior and lateral to the stomach  In some healthy adults, lower tip can be felt below the left costal margin

SPLEEN

LOCATION of ________________  High and deep under the diaphragm  Approximate with the level of the T12 to L3 vertebrae  R kidney is positioned slightly lower because of the presence of the liver

KIDNEYS

LOCATION of ________________  RLQ and LLQ

UTERUS & OVARIES

MEASUREMENT of _____________  Increases with age  From an average of 5cm at the age of 5y/o to 15cm in adulthood and varies with gender.  M: 10.5cm; F:7cm

LIVER

MEASUREMENT of _____________  6in long

PANCREAS

MEASUREMENT of _____________  7cm wide

SPLEEN

MEASUREMENT of _____________  10 x 5 x 2.5

KIDNEYS

MEASUREMENT of _____________  3.5cm x 2.5cm x 1.5cm (average normal size)  2cm x 1.5cm x 1cm or less (after

UTERUS & OVARIES

FUNCTIONS OF __________________  Helps in digestion  Regulates blood sugar

PANCREAS

FUNCTIONS OF __________________  Filter the blood of cellular debris  Digest microorganisms  Return the breakdown products to the liver

SPLEEN

FUNCTIONS OF __________________  Glucose storage  Formation of blood plasma proteins and clotting factors  Urea synthesis  Cholesterol production  Bile formation  Destruction of RBC  Storage of iron and vitamins  Detoxification

LIVER

FUNCTIONS OF __________________  Filtration and elimination of waste products  Blood pressure control  Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balances

KIDNEYS

FUNCTIONS OF __________________  Secrete hormones  Release eggs for possible fertilization

UTERUS & OVARIES

FINDINGS DURING PALPATION of LIVER

PALPABLE

FINDINGS DURING PALPATION of PANCREAS

NOT PALPABLE

FINDINGS DURING PALPATION of SPLEEN

NOT PALPABLE

FINDINGS DURING PALPATION of KIDNEYS

Bottom portion of the kidney are palpable (for some thin clients)

FINDINGS DURING PALPATION of UTERUS AND OVERIES

Normally Palpated during bimanual examination of the internal genitalia

CHARACTERISTICS of ____________  Distensible, flask-like organ

STOMACH

CHARACTERISTICS of ____________  Muscular sac

GALLBLADDER

CHARACTERISTICS of ____________  Longest portion of the digestive tract  Named for its small diameter

SMALL INTESTINE

CHARACTERISTICS of ____________  AKA colon  3 major sections: Ascendig Colon, Transverse Colon,

LARGE INTESTINE

CHARACTERISTICS of ____________  Distensible muscular sac

URINARY BLADDER

LOCATION of _______________  LUQ just below the diaphragm and between the liver and spleen

STOMACH

LOCATION of _______________  Near the posterior surface of the liver lateral to the mid clavicular line

GALLBLADDER

LOCATION of _______________  Lies coiled in all 4 quadrants

SMALL INTESTINE

LOCATION of _______________  Originates in the RLQ.  The ascending Colon extends up along the RUQ flexes at a right angle and becomes Transverse Colon runs across the upper abdomen. In the LUQ near the spleen, forms another right angle then extends downward as the Descending Colon

LARGE INTESTINE

LOCATION of _______________  Behind the pubic bone in the midline of the abdomen

URINARY BLADDER

MEASUREMENT of _______________  When it's empty it is about 12in long and about 6in across

STOMACH

MEASUREMENT of _______________  10cm long

GALLBLADDER

MEASUREMENT of _______________  Approximately 7m long  Approximately 2.5cm wide

SMALL INTESTINE

MEASUREMENT of _______________  Approximately 6cm wide  Approximately 1.4m long

LARGE INTESTINE

MEASUREMENT of _______________  Normal capacity of the bladder is 400- 600mL  Normal bladder can hold 1 ½ to 2 cups (300-400mL) of urine during the day and about 4 cups (800mL) at night

URINARY BLADDER

FUNCTIONS OF _______________  Store, churn and digest food

STOMACH

FUNCTIONS OF _______________  Store bile needed to digest fat

GALLBLADDER

FUNCTIONS OF _______________  Digestion  Absorption

SMALL INTESTINE

FUNCTIONS OF _______________  Secrete large amounts of alkaline mucus  Water absorption

LARGE INTESTINE

FUNCTIONS OF _______________  Temporary receptacle for urine

URINARY BLADDER

FINDINGS DURING PALPATION OF STOMACH

NOT PALPABLE

FINDINGS DURING PALPATION OF GALLBLADDER

NOT PALPABLE

FINDINGS DURING PALPATION OF SMALL INTESTINE

NOT PALPATED

FINDINGS DURING PALPATION OF LARGE INTESTINE

 Sigmoid Colon is often felt as firm structure; Cecum may feel softer; Transverse & Descending Colon can be palpated

FINDINGS DURING PALPATION OF URINARY BLADDER

 Bladder filled with urine can be palpated in the abdomen above the symphysis pubis

The abdominal organs are supplied with arterial blood by the _________________ and its major branches

Abdominal Aorta

TRUE OR FALSE: Pulsations of the aorta are frequently visible and palpable midline in the upper abdomen.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Pulsations of the right and left iliac arteries may be felt in the RLQ and LLQ.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: YOU'RE THE CRAYONS IN HIS LIFE

TRUE

HA: ABDOMINAL ASSESSMENT Flashcards

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