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KC'S CLASS > HA: ABDOMINAL ASSESSMENT > Flashcards

HA: ABDOMINAL ASSESSMENT Flashcards

roar

1
Q

forms the upper surface of the abdomen

A

diaphragm

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1
Q

is the body space between the thorax (chest) and
pelvis.

A

abdomen (commonly called the belly)

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2
Q

These organs are held together loosely by
_____________________ that allow them to expand and to slide against each other.

A

connecting tissues (mesentery)

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3
Q

At the level of the pelvic
bones the ______ end and the _______ begins.

A

abdomen ; pelvis

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3
Q

contains all the digestive organs, including the stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

A

abdomen

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4
Q

The abdomen also contains the _________ and ____________

A

kidneys and spleen.

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5
Q

Many important blood vessels travel through the abdomen, including the ___________________

A

aorta, inferior
vena cava, and dozens of their smaller branches.

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6
Q

In the front, the abdomen is protected by a
thin, tough layer of tissue called __________

A

fascia

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7
Q

In front of the fascia are the __________ and __________

A

abdominal muscles and
skin.

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8
Q

In the rear of the abdomen are the ________ and ___________

A

back muscles and spine

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9
Q

The abdomen is bordered:
 Superiorly by the ____________
 Inferiorly by the _______________
 Laterally by the _____________

A

coastal margins
symphysis pubis and inguinal canals
flanks

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: It is important to understand the anatomic divisions known as the abdominal quadrants, the abdominal muscle walls, and the internal anatomy of the abdominal cavity in order to perform an adequate assessment of the abdomen.

A

TRUE

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11
Q

What are the 4 Abdominal Quadrants?

A

a. Right Upper
Quadrant (RUQ)
b. Right Lower
Quadrant (RLQ)
c. Left Upper
Quadrant (LUQ)
d. Left Lower
Quadrant (LLQ)

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The quadrants are determined by an imaginary vertical line (midline( extending from
the tip of the sternum(xiphoid) through the umbilicus to the symphysis pubis.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: This line is bisected perpendicularly by the lateral line, which runs through the umbilicus across the abdomen.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

What are the Abdominal Regions?

A
  • Epigastric
    region
  • Umbilical region
  • Hypogastric or
    suprapubic region.
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15
Q

Ascending Colon
 Transverse Colon
 Duodenum
 Gall Bladder
 Hepatic Flexure of Colon
 Liver
 Head of the Pancreas
 Pylorus (small bowel or ileum which
transverses all quadrants)
 Right adrenal gland
 Right kidney (upper pole)
 Right ureter

A

RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT (RUQ)

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16
Q

 Appendix
 Ascending Colon
 Cecum
 Right kidney (lower pole)
 Right ovary and fallopian tube
 Right ureter
 Right spermatic cord

A

RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT (RLQ)

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17
Q

 Left adrenal gland
 Left kidney (upper pole)
 Left ureter
 Body and tail of the Pancreas
 Spleen
 Splenic flexure of colon
 Stomach
 Transverses Descending Colon

A

LEFT UPPER QUADRANT (LUQ)

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18
Q

 Left kidney (lower pole)
 Left ovary and fallopian tube
 Left ureter
 Left spermatic cord
 Descending colon
 Sigmoid colon

A

LEFT LOWER QUADRANT (LLQ)

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19
Q

 Liver
 Gallbladder
 Right kidney
 Small intestine

A

RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC
REGION

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20
Q

 Gallbladder
 Liver
 Right colon

A

RIGHT LUMBAR REGION

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21
Q

 Appendix
 Cecum

A

RIGHT ILIAC (INGUINAL)
REGION

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22
Q

 Stomach
 Liver
 Pancreas
 Duodenum
 Spleen
 Adrenal glands

A

EPIGASTRIC REGION

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23
Q

 Umbilicus (Navel)
 Duodenum
 Parts of the small
intestine

A

UMBILICAL REGION

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24
Q

 Urinary Bladder
 Sigmoid colon
 Female reproductive
system

A

HYPOGASTRIC REGION

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25
Q

 Pancreas
 Spleen
 Colon
 Left kidney

A

LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC
REGION

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26
Q

 Left Kidney
 Descending colon

A

LEFT LUMBAR REGION

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27
Q

 Descending colon
 Sigmoid colon

A

LEFT ILIAC (INGUINAL)
REGION

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28
Q

Functions of the _____________:
1. Protect the internal organs
2. Allow normal compression during functional activities such as coughing, sneezing, urination, defecation, and childbirth.

A

Abdominal Wall Muscles

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29
Q

3 layers of Muscle

A

a. External Abdominal Oblique – outer most layer
b. Internal Abdominal Oblique – middle layer
c. Transverse Abdominis – innermost layer

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30
Q

outer most layer of muscle

A

External Abdominal Oblique

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31
Q

middle layer of the muscle

A

Internal Abdominal Oblique

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32
Q

innermost layer of the muscle

A

Transverse Abdominis

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33
Q

Connective tissue from these muscles extends forward to encase a vertical muscle of the anterior abdominal wall. This also provides strength to the abdominal wall.

A

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

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34
Q

Fibers and connective tissue extensions.

A

APONEUROSES

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35
Q
  • Joining of these muscle fibers and aponeurons at the midline of the abdomen and forms a white line.
  • Extends vertically from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the symphysis pubis
A

LINEA ALBA

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36
Q

___________ is a thin, shiny, serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and provides a protective covering for most of the internal abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum).

A

Peritoneum

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37
Q

Within the abdominal cavity are structures (abdominal viscera) of several different body systems:

A

 Gastrointestinal System
 Female Reproductive System
 Lymphatic System
 Urinary System

38
Q

2 Types of Abdominal Viscera

A
  1. Solid Viscera
  2. Hollow Viscera
39
Q

 These are organs that maintain their shape consistently.
 Liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, and uterus.

A
  1. Solid Viscera
40
Q

 Consists of structures that change shape depending on their contents.
 Stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon and bladder.

A
  1. Hollow Viscera
41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Whether abdominal viscera are palpable it still depends on location, structural
consistency and size.

42
Q

Characteristics of ____________
 Largest solid organ
in the body
 Composed of 4 lobes

43
Q

Characteristics of ____________
 Long gland

44
Q

Characteristics of ____________
 Soft, flat structure

45
Q

Characteristics of ____________
 The female gonads
 Primary female
reproductive organs

A

UTERUS & OVARIES

46
Q

Characteristics of ____________
 Glandular, bean
shaped organs
 Considered posterior
organs
 Tops of both kidneys
are protected by the
posterior rib cage

47
Q

LOCATION of ________________
 Below the diaphragm
 Extends below the
right costal margin
 RUQ of the abdomen

48
Q

LOCATION of ________________
Mostly behind the
stomach deep in the
upper abdomen
 Extends across the
abdomen from the
RUQ to the LUQ

49
Q

LOCATION of ________________
 Above the left
kidney
 Below the
diaphragm at the
level of 9th, 10th and
11th ribs.
 Posterior to the left
mid axillary line
 Posterior and lateral
to the stomach
 In some healthy
adults, lower tip can
be felt below the left
costal margin

50
Q

LOCATION of ________________
 High and deep under
the diaphragm
 Approximate with the
level of the T12 to L3
vertebrae
 R kidney is
positioned slightly
lower because of the
presence of the liver

51
Q

LOCATION of ________________
 RLQ and LLQ

A

UTERUS & OVARIES

52
Q

MEASUREMENT of _____________
 Increases with age
 From an average of
5cm at the age of
5y/o to 15cm in
adulthood and varies
with gender.
 M: 10.5cm; F:7cm

53
Q

MEASUREMENT of _____________
 6in long

53
Q

MEASUREMENT of _____________
 7cm wide

53
Q

MEASUREMENT of _____________
 10 x 5 x 2.5

54
Q

MEASUREMENT of _____________
 3.5cm x 2.5cm x
1.5cm (average
normal size)
 2cm x 1.5cm x 1cm
or less (after

A

UTERUS & OVARIES

54
Q

FUNCTIONS OF __________________
 Helps in digestion
 Regulates blood
sugar

54
Q

FUNCTIONS OF __________________
 Filter the blood of
cellular debris
 Digest
microorganisms
 Return the
breakdown products
to the liver

55
Q

FUNCTIONS OF __________________
 Glucose storage
 Formation of blood
plasma proteins and
clotting factors
 Urea synthesis
 Cholesterol
production
 Bile formation
 Destruction of RBC
 Storage of iron and
vitamins
 Detoxification

56
Q

FUNCTIONS OF __________________
 Filtration and
elimination of waste
products
 Blood pressure
control
 Maintenance of fluid
and electrolyte
balances

57
Q

FUNCTIONS OF __________________
 Secrete hormones
 Release eggs for
possible fertilization

A

UTERUS & OVARIES

58
Q

FINDINGS DURING
PALPATION of LIVER

58
Q

FINDINGS DURING
PALPATION of PANCREAS

A

NOT PALPABLE

59
Q

FINDINGS DURING
PALPATION of SPLEEN

A

NOT PALPABLE

60
Q

FINDINGS DURING
PALPATION of KIDNEYS

A

Bottom portion of the
kidney are palpable
(for some thin
clients)

61
Q

FINDINGS DURING
PALPATION of UTERUS AND OVERIES

A

Normally Palpated
during bimanual
examination of the
internal genitalia

62
Q

CHARACTERISTICS of ____________
 Distensible, flask-like
organ

63
Q

CHARACTERISTICS of ____________
 Muscular sac

A

GALLBLADDER

64
Q

CHARACTERISTICS of ____________
 Longest portion of
the digestive tract
 Named for its small
diameter

A

SMALL INTESTINE

65
Q

CHARACTERISTICS of ____________
 AKA colon
 3 major sections:
Ascendig Colon,
Transverse Colon,

A

LARGE INTESTINE

66
Q

CHARACTERISTICS of ____________
 Distensible muscular
sac

A

URINARY BLADDER

67
Q

LOCATION of _______________
 LUQ just below the
diaphragm and
between the liver
and spleen

68
Q

LOCATION of _______________
 Near the posterior
surface of the liver
lateral to the mid
clavicular line

A

GALLBLADDER

69
Q

LOCATION of _______________
 Lies coiled in all 4
quadrants

A

SMALL INTESTINE

70
Q

LOCATION of _______________
 Originates in the
RLQ.
 The ascending Colon extends up along the
RUQ flexes at a right angle and becomes
Transverse Colon runs across the
upper abdomen. In the LUQ near the
spleen, forms another right angle
then extends downward as the
Descending Colon

A

LARGE INTESTINE

71
Q

LOCATION of _______________
 Behind the pubic bone
in the midline of the
abdomen

A

URINARY BLADDER

72
Q

MEASUREMENT of _______________
 When it’s empty it is
about 12in long and
about 6in across

73
Q

MEASUREMENT of _______________
 10cm long

A

GALLBLADDER

74
Q

MEASUREMENT of _______________
 Approximately 7m
long
 Approximately 2.5cm
wide

A

SMALL INTESTINE

75
Q

MEASUREMENT of _______________
 Approximately 6cm
wide
 Approximately 1.4m
long

A

LARGE INTESTINE

76
Q

MEASUREMENT of _______________
 Normal capacity of
the bladder is 400-
600mL
 Normal bladder can
hold 1 ½ to 2 cups
(300-400mL) of urine
during the day and
about 4 cups (800mL)
at night

A

URINARY BLADDER

77
Q

FUNCTIONS OF _______________
 Store, churn and
digest food

78
Q

FUNCTIONS OF _______________
 Store bile needed to
digest fat

A

GALLBLADDER

79
Q

FUNCTIONS OF _______________
 Digestion
 Absorption

A

SMALL INTESTINE

80
Q

FUNCTIONS OF _______________
 Secrete large
amounts of alkaline
mucus
 Water absorption

A

LARGE INTESTINE

81
Q

FUNCTIONS OF _______________
 Temporary receptacle
for urine

A

URINARY BLADDER

82
Q

FINDINGS DURING
PALPATION OF STOMACH

A

NOT PALPABLE

83
Q

FINDINGS DURING
PALPATION OF GALLBLADDER

A

NOT PALPABLE

84
Q

FINDINGS DURING
PALPATION OF SMALL INTESTINE

A

NOT PALPATED

85
Q

FINDINGS DURING
PALPATION OF LARGE INTESTINE

A

 Sigmoid Colon is
often felt as firm
structure; Cecum
may feel softer;
Transverse &
Descending Colon
can be palpated

86
Q

FINDINGS DURING
PALPATION OF URINARY BLADDER

A

 Bladder filled with
urine can be palpated
in the abdomen above
the symphysis pubis

87
Q

The abdominal organs are supplied with arterial blood by the _________________ and its major branches

A

Abdominal Aorta

88
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Pulsations of the aorta are frequently visible and palpable midline in the upper abdomen.

89
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Pulsations of the right and left iliac arteries may be felt in the RLQ and LLQ.

90
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: YOU’RE THE CRAYONS IN HIS LIFE

KC'S CLASS (19 decks)

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