HA BREAST AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Flashcards
Breast are paired _______ glands
mammary
Breast contains=
-Fat
-Glandular tissue
-Suspensory ligament
anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior
muscles.
Breast
It extends vertically from the 2nd to the 6th rib and horizontally from the sternum to the mid-axillary line
Breats
True/False
Male and Female breasts are similar until puberty
True
It is an accessory reproductive organ.
Breast
What are the 2 functions of Breast?
a. to produce and store milk that provides nourishment
for newborns and
b. to aid in sexual stimulation.
What are the 4 quadrants of the breast?
-Upper outer quadrant
-Upper inner quadrant
-Lower outer quadrant
-Lower inner quadrant
It is the part of breast
which extends into the axillary area, is referred to as the tail of Spence
most breast tumors occur in this quadrant
Female breast tissue enlarges in response to which hormones?
Estrogen and progesterone released in ovaries.
smooth and varies in color depending on the
client’s skin tones.
Skin of the breast
contains the tiny opening of the lactiferous ducts
through which milk passes.
Nipple
It surrounds the nipple 1 to 2 cm radius
Areola
Hair follicles that contains Montgomery glands that secrete a
protective lipid substance during lactation.
Areola
What are the 3 types of tissue?
-Glandular tissue
-Fibrous Tissue
-Fatty Tissue {adipose}
allowing for milk production and is arranged in 15 to 20 lobes that radiate in a
circular fashion from the nipple
Glandular tissue
The slight enlargement in each duct before it
reaches the nipple is called the
lactiferous sinus
Provide support for the glandular tissue largely by way of bands called cooper ligaments.
Fibrous Tissue
This subcutaneous and retromammary fat provides most of the substance to the breast, determining the size and shape of the breats.
Fatty tissue
True/False
The amount of glandular, fibrous, and fatty tissue varies according to various factors including the client’s age, body build, nutritional status, hormonal cycle, and whether she is pregnant or lactating.
True
may be present with benign breast conditions
lumps or swelling
may indicate breast cancer
dimpling of breasts
Early menses (before age 13) or delayed menopause
(after age 52)
False, 12
True/False
risk of breast cancer is greater for women who have never given birth or for those who had their first child after age 30
True
True/False
Hereditary forms of breast cancer constitute only 5-10% of breast cancer causes overall
True
is an X-ray picture of the breast.
Mammogram
noninvasive
and confined to the linings of the milk duct
system; appears early
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
most common type, which spreads beyond the ductal system.
Invasive (infiltrating) ductal carcinoma (IDC)
occurs in women in their
late 40s and 50s
Medullary carcinoma:
usually appears as a subtle thickening, feeling
of fullness, change in texture or appearance of the breast or nipple skin, rather than as
discreet lump
Invasive (infiltrating) lobular carcinoma (ILC):
cells in the tumor are negative for progesterone, estrogen, and HER2/neu receptors
Triple negative carcinoma (TNC):
usually found in women over fifty years of age and has 95% ten year survival rate.
Tubular carcinoma
occurs in 1-2% of breast cancers, and although he cancer cells produce mucus and are poorly defined, usually has a favorable prognosis.
Mucinous Carcinoma
very rare and very aggressive, with lymph vessels in skin blocked, making the breast appear swollen, red, and inflamed.
inflammatory breast carcinoma
rare disease affecting the skin of the nipple and often the areola
Paget disease of the breast
Purpose of Breast Assessment
-Identify signs of breast disease
-Initiate early treatment
Nonmodified Risks
-Family History
-Early mentruation {12 years} and later menopause {older than 55 years}
- No history of breast-feeding
- Recent oral Contraceptives use
Three ways to perform a sefl-exam
a. in the shower
b. lyding down
c. standing in front of the mirror
age that is recommended to have a screening mammogram
forty and older or fifty to 74
Equipments needed
-centimeter ruler
-small pillow
-gloves
-client handout for BSE
-slide for specimen
Levels of pressure in palpation
Light, medium and deep
3 different patterns in palpating
-circular
-wedged
-vertical strip
resulting from edema, an orange appearance of the breast is associated with cancer
PEAU D”ORANGE
These are irregular, firm, hard, not defined masses that may be fixed or mobile. Occur after age of fifty.
CANCEROUS TUMORS
These lesions are lobular, ovoid, or round. They are firm, well-defined, seldom tender and usually singular and mobile.
FIBROADENOMAS
Also called fibrocystic breast disease, round, elastic, defined, tender and mobile cysts.
Benign Breast Disease
