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TUDOORS HALA > H8 Govt, Parliament (1509-1540) > Flashcards

H8 Govt, Parliament (1509-1540) Flashcards

1
Q

What did Keith Randall say about Wolsey?

A

He was 10 times richer than his nearest rival (except the king)

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2
Q

What was Wolsey’s disposable income?

A

£50,000

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3
Q

What was Wolsey described as?

A

As one of the greatest person who puts forward a proposal of pluralism

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4
Q

What positions did Wolsey hold?

A

Bishropic of Bath and Wells (1518-23), Durham (1523-29) and Winchester (1529-30)

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5
Q

How long did Wolsey maintain his position for?

A

15 years despite the attacks on the cardinal. Henry was not easily manipulated so he didn’t believe these accusations.

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6
Q

Why was Wolsey forced into an apology to Henry?

A

He accepted his own nominee as Abbess to the nunnery of Wilton against the wishes of H.

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7
Q

What did Wolsey do to servants who were close to H?

A

He sent them abroad.

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8
Q

Which college did Wolsey establish at Oxford?

A

Cardinal College.

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9
Q

What was Wolsey described as?

A

“No miserly hoarder” and he “dressed like a king, ate like a horse and drank like a fish”

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10
Q

How many people were in Wolsey’s household?

A

500 servants in silk and velvet.

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11
Q

What was the function of Parliament in H8’s reign?

A

1) grant extraordinary revenues to the crown

2) to pass laws

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12
Q

What happened to the relationship between the crown and parliament?

A

They fell as a result of henry’s need for a son to succeed him.

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13
Q

How many parliaments were summoned before 1529?

A

1510, 1512, 1515 and 1523

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14
Q

Who was the first minister?

A

Wolsey and he regarded parliaments with distate. Only on parliament called during 1524-29.

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15
Q

Why did governance by council break down?

A

Conflict between the king’s own impulsive personality and more conservative councillors

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16
Q

How long did the conciliar approach to govt last?

A

1509-1514

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17
Q

What contributed to the end of the conciliar approach to govt?

A

1) H became disenchanted with the resistence of father’s senior councillors to support a war with France
2) he asserted his undoubted right to control decision making
3) surrounded himself with like minded young courtiers and reinforced his suspicions of the ‘old guard’
4) impressed with organisation skills of Wolsey. contribution to effective management of French campaign earned him gratitude.

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18
Q

Where did Wolsey’s influence come from?

A

his closeness of his relationship with the king.

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19
Q

What were Wolsey’s main concerns?

A

Legal system, formulation of domestic policy and political decision making.

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20
Q

What area of govt lay out of Wolsey’s control?

A

The privy chamber (before 1519)

21
Q

What were the king’s minions?

A

Young courtiers who enjoyed Henry’s personal favour. They became the Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. Wolsey tried to neutralise their influence over H.

22
Q

What did Wolsey do in 1519?

A

he removed the ‘minions’ and replaced them with his own supporters. many of the minions did recover their positions.

23
Q

What was the aims of Wolsey’s legal reforms?

A

1) tackle the problem of slow and unfair delivery of justice
2) promote civil law
3) responsible for overseeing the legal system (as lord chancellor)

24
Q

What was the court of Chancery?

A

Developed in 1516, it was a court that granted equalisation with the gentry and others. it encouraged the poor to bring their complaints before the court. used relating to enclosure, contracts and land.

25
Q

What was the Court of Star Chamber?

A

the most distinctive legal contribution, used more frequently to attack nobles and local officials who abused their power. number of cases per year rose to 120.

26
Q

What was the Court of Requests?

A

a court which heard cases from poor people. was popular due to the low cost of bringing a case and decisions were reached quickly.

27
Q

What were the limits to Wolsey’s legal reforms?

A

1) not a trained lawyer
2) reforms were unlikely to continue when he wasn’t there
3) Court of Chancery + Star Chamber grew out of control
4) resulted in alienation of nobility. H relied on nobles to govern
5) used as a personal vendetta to attack competition.

28
Q

What were the aims of the financial reforms?

A

1) aim to raise money for the crown, for an agressive foreign policy
2) solve problems of shortage of money
3) make it more efficient.

29
Q

When was the national survey?

A
  1. it assessed who could pay tax and how much. it was the first systematic investigation since the Doomsday book of 1086. gained £200,000 in forced loans.
30
Q

Why did Wolsey propose a subsidy (flexible tax)?

A

Overcome the inflation problem. based on income rather than property

31
Q

What were the limitations of the financial reforms?

A

1) 1525 - Amicable grant based on valuations of property, first step to Wolsey’s downfall. Provoked the only significant rebellion in 1st half of H’s reign.
2) 1522 - £200,000 not enough

32
Q

What was the Amicable Grant?

A

A non parliamentary grant which targeted the nobility. Meant they would have to pay a larger sum of money as it was based on the value of their property.

33
Q

What were the aims of Wolsey’s economic reforms?

A

Wolsey held the view that the conversion of arable land to sheep pasture by enclosing fields.

34
Q

When did Wolsey undertake a recoinage?

A
  1. it led to an increase of coins in circulation. the debasement of coinage led to a stimulation of exports.
35
Q

What were the limitations of the economic reforms?

A

1) legal cases drawn up against landlords who were judged to have enclosed lands without permission
2) trade disrupted as Wolsey’s alliance with France against Spain caused problems. Little money to fight and main weapon was a trade embargo against Spain.
3) Spain was in control of low countries which affected the cloth trade. led to one of the worst harvests in 1527.
4) recoinage reduced weight of silver coins and contributed to increase in prices as coins were worthless
5) late 1520s - economic depressions and price rises caused suffering among poor. riots in 1528 in east, East Anglia and SW.

36
Q

What were the limitations of Parliament?

A

1) Wolsey accuses of trying to rule without Parliament. only 2 were called in 1515 and 1523
2) 1515 parliament - caused problems as it provided evidence of anti clericalism
3) 1523 parliament - called so parliament would agree to taxation

37
Q

What were the aims of the church?

A

1) interested in promoting religious learning to improve the quality of the clergy.

38
Q

What was drawn up in 1528?

A

plans for closing monasteries with fewer than 6 inmates. forced amalgamating those with under 12. provided starting point for Cromwell.

39
Q

What were the church and Wolsey responsible for?

A

Removing from office 8 unsuitable heads of monasteries and planned to fund a school in Ipswich and establish Cardinal College at Oxford.

40
Q

What Wolsey encourage Henry to do?

A

Take a stand against new ideas of Martin Luther and burn Lutheran texts.

41
Q

What was the King’s Great Matter?

A

Henry’s want for a divorce from C of A and a male heir to the throne. Wolsey was given the task of ensuring the marriage between Henry and Cathy was annuled. It led to the downfall of Wolsey and royal supremacy

42
Q

How did the Great Matter contribute to Wolsey’s downfall?

A

Wolsey was accused of praemunire as he was (allegedly) working with the Pope against the King and his divorce, as he failed to gain annulment of the marriage.

43
Q

What reason did Henry give to annul the marriage?

A

He stated that, by the book of Leviticus, that marrying your brother’s widow would be punishableby God and would lead to a childless marriage. Henry took it literally and thought that by marrying Cathy, God wouldn’t grant him a male heir.

44
Q

How did Wosley “try” Henry in 1527?

A

By bringing Henry before a fake court and accuse him of lviing in sin with his wife.

45
Q

Who would establish the royal supremacy?

A

Cromwell, who was chief minister from 1532 by Parliament.

46
Q

Who did Henry approach in regards to the marriage?

A

Pope and Charles V in 1527. In 1528, Pope sent Campeggio to delay the hearing and ensure a desicion wasn’t reached.

47
Q

When did the court hearing meet?

A

In June 1529. C refused to recognise it and appealed to the Pope to move the hearing to Rome and Wolsey was stripped of his offices.

48
Q

What was the outcome of this court hearing?

A

Wolsey was summoned to London in 1530 to answer for further charges. His ill-heath led to his death at Leicester on 29 November 1530.

TUDOORS HALA (39 decks)

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