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Algemene en Moleculaire Genetica > H3 - Chromosomen, mitose en meiose > Flashcards

H3 - Chromosomen, mitose en meiose Flashcards

1
Q

Chromatine

A

DNA + histoneiwitten

Verschillende nucleosomen

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2
Q

Chromatide

A

Verstrengelde chromatinevezel

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3
Q

Chromosomen

A

Meest compacte vorm van het geheel van DNA

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4
Q

Diploïd

A

2 homologen van elk chromosoom

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5
Q

Celdeling

A

Karyokinese en cytokinese

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6
Q

Interfase

A

G1, G0, S en G2

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7
Q

G1

A

Direct na einde deling

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8
Q

G0

A 
Cel gaat (tijdelijk) in rust
Geen delingen
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9
Q

S

A

DNA-replicatie

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10
Q

G2

A

Verdubbeling celvolume

Initiatie mitose

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11
Q

Mitose

A 
Profase
Prometafase
Metafase
Anafase
Telofase
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12
Q

Profase

A

Condensatie chromosomen

Vorming microtubuli uit centriolen

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13
Q

Prometafase

A

Condensatie chromosomen
Afbraak nucleaire envelop
Centriolen aan polen
Chromosomen gehecht aan microtubuli

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14
Q

Metafase

A

Aligneren chromosomen

> Meest gecondenseerde vorm; best zichtbaar

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15
Q

Anafase

A

Scheiding 2 dochterchromatiden

Verplaatsing richting de 2 polen

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16
Q

Telofase

A

Nieuwe nucleaire enveloppen
Scheiden van cytoplasma
Vorming dochtercellen

17
Q

Synapsis

A

Homologe chromosomen naast elkaar

18
Q

Crossing-over

A

Tijdens synapsis: uitwisseling

19
Q

Meiose 2

A

Elk paar chromatiden van een chromosoom wordt gescheiden

20
Q

Karyotype

A

Weergave van aantal chromosomen en hun structuur

21
Q

Colchicine

A

Stof die wordt toegevoegd bij karyotypering

Houdt de mitose in metafase

22
Q

Stappen karyotypering

A 
Cellen kweken 
Toevoegen colchicine 
Cellen laten opzwellen 
Cellen spreiden over glaasje
Kleuren en fotografische verwerking
23
Q

Centromeer

A

Splitst chromosomen in korte (p) en lange (q) arm
Uiteinden = telomeren
Metacentrisch, submetacentrisch, acrocentrisch

24
Q

C-paradox

A

Geen correlatie tussen aantal chromosomen en complexiteit van een species

Algemene en Moleculaire Genetica (14 decks)

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