Gut microbiome in MetSys Flashcards
How many kg of bacteria in the body
0.2-1.7 kg
how many of strains of abcteria per person
500
how many more genes in the microbiome than our genotype
150
what is the gut microbiota (2)
self sustaining ecosystem, digests food
gut digestion process (7)
eat, homogenise, acidify, intestinal flora, mix, transfer, poo
when is gut microbiome at its largest
adult
when is gut microbiome smallest
in utero
what affects gut microbiome in utero
maternal transfer
what affects gut microbiome toddler (3)
delivery, feeding, maternal health
what affects gut microbiome adult (10)
diet, genetics, sex hormones, antibiotics, PPIs, probiotics, hygeine, GI disease, food additives, xenobiotics
what affects gut microbiome old age (3)
immune decline, diet diversity, inflammation
how much fibre pre industrial diet
50-100 g/day
Australian recommended fibre/day
25-38 g/day
average intake fibre/day Australia
16 g/day
how has diet changed from pre industrial (6)
high fat, high sugar, high salt, highly refined, highly processed, low in fibre
MAC
microbial accessible carbohydrate
MAC types (3)
non starch polysaccharides, resistant starch, soluble oligo/polysaccharides
how fermentable are non starch polysaccharides
20-90%
non starch polysaccharides (2)
cellulose and hemicellulose
hemicellulose types (4)
pectin, beta glucans, xyloglucans, arabiongalactans
resistant starch fermentability
100%
resistant starches
R1-4
soluble oligo/polysaccharide fermentability
100%
soluble oligo/polysaccharides (2)
inulin and FODMAPs
FODMAPs (4)
fermentable oligo, di, monosaccharides, polyols
