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Feeding and weight control Flashcards

1
Q

what causes weight gain

A

food intake

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2
Q

what causes weight loss

A

energy output

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3
Q

what contributes to expended energy (3)

A

basal metabolism, physical activity, adaptive thermogenesis

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4
Q

how does food contribute to obesity (4)

A

palatable, cheap, accessible, heavily marketed

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5
Q

How do genetics contribute to obesity (3)

A

FTO, DRD2 Taq (A1 allele), MC4R

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6
Q

what % of BMI genetic contribution

A

45-80%

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7
Q

How does environment contribute to obesity (11)

A

early life stress, maternal diet, weight, smoking, chronic stress, lifestyle, physical activity, sleep deprivation, socioeconomic status, medication

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8
Q

peptides that increase food uptake (6)

A

Neuropeptide Y, MCH (melanin concentrating hormone), AgRP (agouti related peptide), Orexin A/B, endocannabinoids, ghrelin

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9
Q

which peptides decrease food uptake (10)

A

alpha MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone), CART, Urocortin, corticotropin releasing hormone, serotonin, oxytocin, leptin, insulin, cholecystokinin, amylin

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10
Q

NTS

A

nucleus of the solitary tract

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11
Q

POA

A

preoptic area

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12
Q

PVN

A

paraventricular nucleus

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13
Q

DMN

A

dorsomedial hypothalamus

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14
Q

ARC

A

arcuate nucleus

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15
Q

rRPa

A

rostra raphe pallidus

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16
Q

what does the NTS do (3)

A

decrease food intake, increase energy expenditure, stimulate PVN

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17
Q

what contributes to energy expenditure

A

BAT

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18
Q

what is BAT

A

brown adipose tissue

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19
Q

what does the GI tract produce (4)

A

GLP1, CCK, peptide YY, ghrelin

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20
Q

what does GLP1 act on (2)

A

ARC and NTS

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21
Q

what does CCK, peptide YY and ghrelin act on

A

NTS

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22
Q

how does CCK, peptide YY and ghrelin act

A

vagus nerve

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23
Q

what does the pancreas produce

24
Q

what does insulin act on

25
Q

what does WAT produce

26
Q

WAT

A

white adipose tissue

27
Q

what does leptin act on

A

ARC and NTS

28
Q

what does blood carry (2)

A

glucose and fatty acids

29
Q

what does glucose and fatty acids act on

30
Q

what makes up ARC (2)

A

AgRP and POMC

31
Q

what does AgRP inhibit and POMC stimulate

32
Q

what does the PVN stimulate

33
Q

what does the POA stimulate

34
Q

what does the DMN stimulate

35
Q

what does the rRPa stimulate

A

energy expenditure

36
Q

how does the rRPa stiumulate energy expenditure

37
Q

ANS

A

autonomic nervous system

38
Q

where is ghrelin primarily synthesised

39
Q

what is plasma ghrelin levels inversely proportional to

40
Q

what happens to ghrelin preprandial

41
Q

what happens to ghrelin post prandial

42
Q

ghrelin is key in

A

meal initiation

43
Q

ghrelin receptor

44
Q

where is GSHR1a primarily located

A

hypothalamus

45
Q

mouse with leptin defficiency

46
Q

leptin binding to leptin receptors in the brain produces

A

neuropeptides

47
Q

leptos

48
Q

what does leptin do

A

inform brain of fat energy stores

49
Q

where are long leptin receptor isoforms located

A

hypothalamus

50
Q

where are long and short leptin receptor isoforms located

A

peripheral tissue

51
Q

long leptin receptor isoform

52
Q

what is leptin levels proportional to

53
Q

obesity is a state of what resistance

54
Q

what can cause leptin resistance (2)

A

signalling/trafficking issues, BBB issues

55
Q

BBB

A

blood brain barrier

56
Q

how does leptin inhibit food intake

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