Gut Health & Nutraceuticals

Question 1

Different factors linked to gut health

Answer 1

Question 2

Link between child birth and the quality of the childs gut heath.

Answer 2

Children who are born through natural birth are linked to better gut heath.

Question 3

What percent of microbiom make-up is linked to diet?

Answer 3

57%

Question 4

What percent of microbiome make-up is linked to immunity and genertics?

Answer 4

12%

Question 5

What di past theory associate guy health with?

Answer 5

Chronic stress, susceptibility genes, medication, phyiotharapy.

Question 6

What do present discoverys associate with guy heatlth?

Answer 6

Chronic stress

Question 7

What does SCFA stand for?

Answer 7

Short chain fatty acid

Question 8

What do SCFA’s do?

Answer 8

Chemical signal that go to the brain and change what happens there.

Question 9

Out of western and no-western diet which one has more SCFA’s?

Answer 9

Non-western. Western diets have less.

Question 10

(Go back and get notes from slide about Western vs. Non-western diet (Slide 10)

Question 11

Get notes about links between health and appetite (Slide 11)

Answer 11

Question 12

What are some potential links of microbiome health?

Answer 12

Potential links of microbiome to:
- Intestinal health - leaky gut, IBD
- Immune health (e.g. eczema, respiratory illness
- Cognition
- Mood (depression, anxiety)
- Chronic disease (obesity, diabetes, cancer)

Question 13

The cycle of the Microbiota gut-brain axis

Answer 13

Question 14

What is leaky gut.

Answer 14

When there is an imbalene and there is more harmful then good bacteria, it causes inflamation that blocks pathogens from the blood stream that prevent illness.

Question 15

What are phytochemicals (Phytonutrients)?

Answer 15

Non-nutritive chemical found in plants ( Does not contain calores, fiber, V and M)

Plants natural line of defence against invasion (parasites, insects)

10 000 indentified (more unknown)

Question 16

How do phytochemicals benifet humans?

Answer 16

Improve health and longevitiy by protecting cells and organs gainst famage, DNA mutation.

PC act in the same protective pathways as exercise

Question 17

What are some of the unknowns surrounding Phytochemicals?

Answer 17

Is there a dose response?
Can the level of protection be quantified?
Will isolation of phytochemicals provide same benefit as natural food?
Is there synergistic benefit of combining PC or plants?

Question 18

Should you take multivits?

Answer 18

Research is mixed and inconclusive

Be careful not to superdose, there are upper limits for most M and V at which point toxicity can happen

Some organizations say you should.

Question 19

When should I consider taking a V and M supplement?

Answer 19

Northern hemisphere - Vit D
Vegan/Vegitarian - Daily multi with low does iron, zinc, B12, potasium and Vit D
Non-consumer of fish - BPA/DHA
Non-dairy - Vit D, Ca2+
Pregnancy - folic acid, Vit D, maybe others

Question 20

How many Canadians are estimated to be Vit D deficient?

Answer 20

Canadian data indicate that between 70 – 97% of people are insufficient in Vitamin D

Furthermore, subjects with lower levels of Vitamin D had higher levels of fat stored within muscle and weaker muscle strength

Question 21

Causes and associated diseases related to lack of Vit D

Answer 21

Question 22

What is the the range of Vit D that an adult should be taking?

Answer 22

1500 - 2000 IU’s

10000 upper limit

Question 23

What are some of the potential benifits of O3 fatty acids

Answer 23

Question 24

What is the potential daily recomended intake of O3 fatty acids?

Answer 24

500 - 2000 mg/d

Question 25

Echinacea. What is it?

Answer 25

Flowering plant, daisy family (e.g. sunflower chrysanthemum)
Several species used to make supplement, withEchinacea purpureathe most popular
Supplements vary widely (part of the flower used, species, extraction methods, form)

Question 26

What is it hypothesized that echinacea does?

Answer 26

Hypothesized method of action:
Immune response: increases response immune cells; blocks action of viral proteins

Question 27

What are the research findings of Echinacea?

Answer 27

Research findings
Limited and mixed results research for ↓ risk and severity of cold: might shorten the duration of a cold by half a day and may slightly reduce symptom severity; 10-20% decreased risk of developing a cold if taken right at on-set
SIGNIFICANT methodological issues due to strain/type of EC supplement given, dose, duration. etc

Question 28

What other suppliaments could potentially be good for colds?

Answer 28

Zinc and vitamin C

Question 29

Does zinc and Vitamin C supplementation help to prevent a cold? Decrease duration and severity of a cold?

Answer 29

Research is mixed. They might decrease severity of symptoms and duration of cold (by 1 day) if taken at early on-set of symptoms.
Current body of research: does not decrease risk of catching a cold

Therefore, supplementation may be efficacious in managing the symptoms of a common cold. More research is needed.

Question 30

Difference between pre and pro biotics

Answer 30

Question 31

What foods are good sources of Vit D?

Answer 31

Fish, Milk, Cheese, eggs, beef liver, Soy milk, vit d fortified cereal, yogert

Question 32

What is ALA and its function?

Answer 32

Alpha-linolenic acid
Source of energy

Question 33

What is EPA and its function?

Answer 33

EPA – ecosapentanoic acid
Anti-inflamatory
cardiovascular function

Question 34

What is DHA and its function?

Answer 34

DHA – docosahexanoic acid
Anti-inflamitory
Cardiovascular function
Brain function
Visual function
Foetal development

Question 35

What are NHP’s

Answer 35

NHP’s are defined as:
Products like amino acids and essential fatty acids
Probiotics
Vitamins and minerals
Herbal remedies
Homeopathic medicines
Traditional medicines such as traditional Chinese medicines

Question 36

What are dietary supplements regulated under?

Answer 36

Dietary supplements are regulated under the Natural Health Products Regulations:

NPN – Natural Product Number
DIN-HM – Homeopathic Medicine Number

(DIN – drug identification number)

Question 37

To be legally sold in Canada, all NHP’s must obtain a:

Answer 37

site license (for manufacturing) and a
product license (safety, efficacy)

Question 38

Potential unwanted sideffects of NHP’s

Answer 38

Unwanted side effects e.g. allergic reaction
Drug / supplement interactions

Question 39

What are some manufacturing issues with NHP’s?

Answer 39

Manufacturing issues: contamination, incorrect ingredients or dosage

Question 40

In the USA what are dietary supplements regulated under?

Answer 40

Dietary supplements are regulated under the Dietary Supplements Health Education Act (DSHEA)

Question 41

What authority does the FDA have over dietary supplements in the USA?

Answer 41

The FDA does not have the authority to review dietary supplement products for safety and effectiveness before they are marketed

The FDA can ban a supplement only if it finds proof that the supplement is dangerous

Question 42

Why should we be cautious of dietary supplements sold in the US?

Answer 42

This means that any product sold in the US (on-line or in-store) can make it to market before it has been assessed for safety and effectiveness. Products can have any health claims on their packaging, and there is no guarantee the product contains what is on the ingredient list. It’s only if there is is sufficient evidence of safety risk that a product is taken off the market. Buyer beware.

Question 43

Due to lack of governing resources and gov’t system backlog (Canada and USA), buyers in-store and on-line need to be aware of:

Answer 43

Unlicensed products
Counterfeit products
Contaminated / adulterated products
False labelling claims

Question 44

What can we do to be more cautions over the dietary supplements we take?

Answer 44

Third party companies that assess and ensure product safety are independent of the company sell the product. While this isn’t a 100% guarantee of product safety, looking for a third-party seal on a NHP is an added level of assurance.