gut-brain axis

Question 1

function of gut brain axis

Answer 1

• bidirectional multi-faceted communication link between central and enteric nervous system
• involves direct and indirect pathways between cognitive and emotional areas in the brain within the GI tract
  -chronic stress is heavily links to disruptions within the GI tract

Question 2

other things that the GBA impact

Answer 2

impact immunity and neurotransmitter production
- better diversity better production and immunity

Question 3

gut microbiota

Answer 3

• different types of bacteria and other microorganisms within the gastrointestinal system
• if there is a disturbance in the gut then it can affect the gut brain axis
• can influence, production of serotonin and other neurotransmitters within the gut
• agents produced can go through the bloodstream
• each individual has their own personal compisiton of gut microbiota

Question 4

define enterotype

Answer 4

referred to the unique combination of gut microbiota we each possess

Question 5

define microbiome

Answer 5

collective term population of microbiota in a defined environment
- not fixed and can be affect by internal and external factors and diminishes with age

Question 6

healthy gut microbiota

Answer 6

high levels of microbiota richness, diversity, stable, resilient and resistance and recover a stable state

Question 7

define gut bysbiosis

Answer 7

referred to an unbalanced gut microbiome, either in number or type of microbiota

Question 8

disturbances in gut microbiota

Answer 8

• changes in the production of neurotransmitters within the gut
  -production and activity of neurotransmitters in the NS
• immune system impairments
• digestive disorders
• stress reactivity
• numerous inflammatory diseases and infections
• heart disease
• mood and cognitive functioning
• neurological conditions
• various mental health disorders

Question 9

link with stress

Answer 9

stress can disturb the GBA, gut microbiome and the develepment of gastrointestinal disorders.

Question 10

impact the gut microbiota in humans

Answer 10

• researchers found that infants born to mothers who are highly stressed during pregnancy tended to have abnormal composition of gut microbiota
• infants have higher levels of harmful bacteria and lower levels of beneficial bacteria, infants had significantly higher levels of stress related gastrointestinal symptoms

Question 11

how stress influence the gut microbiota

Answer 11

• stress can affect different physiological functions of GI tract such as
• changes in blood

Question 12

stress and gut

Answer 12

researches have said that if you have a healthy gut it minimised stress and if you ahve reduced stress then you have a healthy gut

Question 13

vagus nerve

Answer 13

it allows for the connection from the brain to your brain via the afferent pathway

Question 14

where is serotonin produced

Answer 14

90% produced in it in the gut

Question 15

impact of antibiotics

Answer 15

decreases immune system and thus when they experience a stressor , they are more vulnerable to develop a disease

Question 16

stress affecting physiological functions of gatrointestinal traact

Answer 16

• changes in blood flow
  gastric secretion and gut motility
  increase in visceral perception
  negative effects on gut microbiota

Question 17

efferent : brain to gut

Answer 17

10%

Question 18

afferent; gut to brain

Answer 18

90%