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Medicine > GUM > Flashcards

GUM Flashcards

1
Q

What agent would you use to treat Chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline

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2
Q

What agent would you use to treat Gonorrhoea?

A

Ceftriaxone

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3
Q

What agent would you use to treat Warts?

A

Podophyllum

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4
Q

What agent would you use to treat Syphilis?

A

Benzathine penicillin

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5
Q

What agent would you use to treat Trichomonas?

A

Metronidazole

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6
Q

What agent would you use to treat Thrush?

A

Fluconazole

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7
Q

What is the treatment regime for HIV?

Could you give an example?

A

2x NRTI + something else

NRTI - tenofovir-DF, emtricitabine

PI - atazanavir (PI boosted with ritonavir)

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8
Q

Name 2 second generation COCP pills

A

microgynon
rigevidona

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9
Q

Name 3 3rd generation COCP pills

A

marvelon
yasmin
cilest

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10
Q

Name 1 4th generation COCP pill

A

qlaira

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11
Q

Name a COCP patch

A

evra

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12
Q

Name a COCP vaginal ring

A

NuvaRing

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13
Q

What is the MOA of COCP agents?

A

Stop ovulation
Increase cervical mucus
Thins endothelium

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14
Q

Name 2 examples of POP

A

Norgestron
Noriday

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15
Q

Name 2 types of IUS. When are they used?

A

Mirena - older women
Jaydess - younger women

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16
Q

Name a progesterone implant

A

nexplanon

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17
Q

Name a progesterone injection

A

depo-provera

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18
Q

What are the options of emergency contraception?

A

1st line - IUD copper coil
2nd line - ellaOne
3rd line - Levonelle

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19
Q

What is the most common cause of acute epididymo-orchitis?

A

chlamydia (then gonorrhoea)

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20
Q

What are the 2 main features of disseminated gonococcal infection?

A

Arthritis-dermatitis syndrome

Localised septic arthritis

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21
Q

What MSK feature is specific to gonococcal arthritis?

A

Tenosynovitis

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22
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis in an HIV + pt with a ^opening pressure on LP?

How would you test for this?

A

Cryptococcal meningitis

Encapsulated yeast organisms on India ink stain

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23
Q

Describe how the bacteria Nerisseia Gonorrhoea would look down the microscope

A

Gram ‘-‘ intracellular diplococci

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24
Q

How would you differentiate candida from trichomonas?

A

Candida - cottage-cheese discharge

Trichomonas - frothy white watery discharge

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25
Q

How would candida look on microscopy?

A

Branched candidal hyphae

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26
Q

How would trichomonas look on microscopy?

A

mobile flagellates

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27
Q

How would you confirm a diagnosis of pneumocystic pneumonia?

A

Grocotts’s silver stain

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28
Q

What is the causative agent in pneumocystic pneumonia?

A

Pneumocystis Jiroveci

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29
Q

What would you use to quantify an HIV patient’s viral load over the course of their illness?

A

NAT

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30
Q

How would you test someone for HIV within 1-4 of suspected exposure?

A

P24 Antigen test

31
Q

How would you test someone for HIV from 1-3 months after suspected infection?

A

HIV Ab test

32
Q

In patients with HIV, what are the main differentials for ring-enhancing lesions?

A

Toxoplasmosis
CNS lymphoma

33
Q

How do you treat Toxoplasmosis?

A

Pyrimethamine
Sulphadiazine

Both for 6 weeks

34
Q

What infection causes a chancroid?

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

35
Q

What infection causes chancre?

A

Syphilis

36
Q

What agent is responsible for bacterial vaginosis?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

37
Q

What sort of discharge would somenoe with bacterial vaginalis have?

A

Thin, foul-smelling white discharge

38
Q

What is used to diagnose bacterial vaginosis?

A

Amsel criteria
^pH
Homogenous discharge
Positive whiff test
clue cells on wet mount

39
Q

How would you treat bacterial vaginosis?

A

Metronidazole or clindamycin

40
Q

How would you manage trush in pregnancy?

A

Avoid oral therapies

Ketoconazole 2% cream
+ clotrimazole pessaries

41
Q

What is a Jarisch Herkheimer reaction?

A

Patients with syphilis (or any spirochete) when given Abx will have a reaction within 24 hours

42
Q

How would you manage Primary CNS lymphoma?

A

cART
whole brain irradiation

43
Q

What is fitz-High Curtis syndrome?

What causes it?

A

When PID causes perihepatic inflammation, leading to RUQ pain and maybe referred shoulder tip pain

Usually chlamydia (because PID)

44
Q

How would you manage pnuemocystic jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)?

A

Oral co-trimoxazole

This is a mix of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole

45
Q

What is the most common causative agent in PID?

A

Chlamydia

46
Q

How does bacterial vaginosis pose a risk in pregnancy?

A

Preterm rupture of membranes

47
Q

What is the second line management for genital warts?

A

Imiquimod

48
Q

What is the causative agent for genital warts?

A

HPV 2, 7 or 22

49
Q

What agent causes Lymphogranuloma Venerum (LGV)?

How does it present?

A

Chlamydia

Initial painless ulcer

Then painful inguinal lymphadenopathy

50
Q

What is the proper name for Syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

51
Q

Which AIDS-associated condition affects the retina?

How would it present?

How would you mangae it?

A

CMV retinitis

Sudden painless LoV. Pizza retina w/ haemorrhages

IV ganciclovir

52
Q

Which contraceptic method (barring the barrier method) is most appropriate for epileptic patients?

A

Contraceptive injection

53
Q

Who should be offered PEP?

A

If a pt thinks they have been exposed within the last 72 hours

You need to determine HIV status before PEP, and to confirm that they don’t have HIV

54
Q

When should a mother with HIV have a caesarean / vaginal delivery?

A

viral load <50 - vaginal ok

viral load >50 - C-section recommended

55
Q

What sort of contraception should you recommend for pts with migraine with aura?

A

POP

COCP is contraindicated in these patients as there is a risk of stroke

56
Q

What pathogen causes cold sores?

A

HSV 1

57
Q

In GUM, was is the top differential for a non itching rash on the hands and feet?

What is it also associated with?

A

Secondary syphilis

Also associated with condylomata lata (hypopigmented growths)

58
Q

How does chancroid present

A

First erythematous papule

Then pustule

Then painful deep with soft, irregular border and a friable base

59
Q

Which STI might cause proctitis and rectal discharge?

A

Gonorrhoea

60
Q

Name two risk factors for anal cancer

A

Immunosuppression
Smoking

61
Q

How might you differentiate chancroid ulcer from lymphogranuloma venerum?

A

Chancroid - painful, bleeds on contact, tropical areas

Lymphogranuloma venerum - panless, systemic infection

62
Q

How might you differentiate syphilis and LGV?

A

LGV - painful inguinal lymphadenopathy

63
Q

For COCP, if a pt has missed 2 or more of that last 7 pills in their packet, what is recommended?

A

Finish the current pack

Begin the next one immediately after (omitting the pill free break)

64
Q

Name 2 things which migh cause a raised Ca-125

A

PID
Ovarian cancer

65
Q

What is the gold standard investigation for confirming the diagnosis of PCP?

A

Bronchoalveolar lavage

66
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness worldwide?

What’s it caused by?

A

Trachoma

Chlamydia

67
Q

What neurology problem are those on long term cART at risk of?

A

Stroke

(both ischaemic and haemorrhagic)

68
Q

What biliary disease is a contraindication to COCP?

A

Any previous cholestatic jaundice in pregnancy

69
Q

What is he difinitive option for diagnosing FHCS?

A

Laparotomy

70
Q

Name 2 differentials for a painless and then a painful genital ulcer

A

Painless - Syphilis, LGV

Painful - Chancroid, herpes

71
Q

What expresses LANA1?

A

latent nuclear antigen 1

Expressed by Kapsoi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as HHV-8

72
Q

Which types of HPV are carcinogenic?

A

16, 18, 33

(6 and 11 are low risk)

73
Q

What nephrotic picture is associated with HIV?

A

collapsing FSGS

Medicine (20 decks)

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