GU

Question 1

Treatment for uncomplicated cystitis

Answer 1

Nitropho, Bactrim, or phosphomyacin

Question 2

Treatment for Pyelonephritis

Answer 2

Cipro, levo, or ceftriaxone

Question 3

HCA pyelonephritis treatment

Answer 3

Ampicillin, penems

Question 4

UA Labs that indicate infection

Answer 4

Pyuria, nitrates, bacteria, leukocyte esterase

Question 5

Renal US results and interpretation

Answer 5

Small kidneys: CKD
Normal kidneys: Pylonephritis
Large: Polycystic

Question 6

Causes and symptoms of renal insufficiency

Answer 6

Causes: HTN, CAD, DM, kidney disease
S/S: asymptomatic until GFR <25%

Question 7

Prerenal vs intrarenal vs postrenal causes of AKI, lab value, and treatment

Answer 7

Prerenal: Outside kidney cause, reversible, UA<20, SC<1.015, Sed normal, FENA <1%
Intrarenal: Intrinsic disorders, medications, tx HD
Post renal: obstruction, remove obstruction

Question 8

HD criteria

Answer 8

AEIOU
Acidosis, Electrolytes, Intoxication, Oliguria, Uremia

Question 9

Nephrolithiasis causes, s/s and tx

Answer 9

Causes: Gout, UTIs, calcium
S/S: painful urination, bleeding, acute colic pain radiation to the groin
CT scan to see ureters
Tx: analgesia, hydration, dilaudid, torodal, reglan, lithotripsy

Question 10

Most common type of RTA

Answer 10

IV- hyporeninemic hypoaldosteroemic

Question 11

Renal artery stenosis causes and treatment

Answer 11

Causes: HTN and smoking
Treatment: vascular stenting, renal angioplasty, ACE/ARBS, quit smoking

Question 12

What strep strain leads to glomerulonephritis and treatment

Answer 12

Group A and tx is PCN G

Question 13

The sensitivity and specificity of urine nitrate vs esterase for UTI

Answer 13

Esterase:highly sensitive but not specific
Nitrates: specific but not sensitive

Question 14

Serum creatinine, GFR, and UO in Risk AKI

Answer 14

increase 1.5 x baseline crt, or decrease GFR by 25% UO 0.5mls/kg/hour for 6 hours

Question 15

Crt, GFR, UO in AKI injury

Answer 15

Crt: x2 baseline
GFR: Decreased >50 %
UO 0.5 mls/kg/hr for 12 hours

Question 16

Cr, GFR, UO in kidney failure

Answer 16

Cr x3 base line
GFR decreased >75%
UO 0.3mls/kg/hr for 24 hours or Anura

Question 17

Loss vs endstage kidney disease

Answer 17

Loss: complete loss of kidney function x 4 weeks
ESRD: >3 months

Question 18

Normal Vs Abnormal PSA then specific for 40-50 and 50-60

Answer 18

Normal <4
40-50: <2.5
50-60 <3.5

Question 19

BPH management

Answer 19

Alpha Blocker: Terazosin, prazosin, tamsulosin
5 alpha reductase: Finasteride
TURP
Saw palmetto

Question 20

What medications should a BPH patient avoid

Answer 20

Benadryl, Sudafed, Afrin, and SSRIs which can worsen s/s

Question 21

Creatinine clearance formula

Answer 21

140 - age x BW/ 72 x cr

Question 22

What type of stone is most common in females

Answer 22

Struvite

Question 23

What herbal medication can be used to treat cold but may cause kidney damage

Answer 23

Echinacea

Question 24

Differentiate Renal insufficiency; diminished reserve, Renal insufficiency, and failure

Answer 24

Diminished: 50% nephron loss and double creatinine
RI: 75% nephron loss anal mild creat
Failure: 90% nephron loss

Question 25

Blood reactions are what kind of kidney injury

Answer 25

Intrarenal

Question 26

Renal blood flow decreases by what percent every 10 years

Answer 26

10%

Question 27

At what age does GFR start to decline

Answer 27

30-40 yrs old

Question 28

What is the normal Creatinine clearance for men and for women

Answer 28

Males: 97-137
Females: 88-128

Question 29

After the age of 20 crt clearance decreases by how much every 10 years

Answer 29

6.5mls/min

Question 30

What type of kidney stone is known as the “ammonium, magnesium, phosphate “ stone

Answer 30

Struvite