GU Flashcards
Treatment for uncomplicated cystitis
Nitropho, Bactrim, or phosphomyacin
Treatment for Pyelonephritis
Cipro, levo, or ceftriaxone
HCA pyelonephritis treatment
Ampicillin, penems
UA Labs that indicate infection
Pyuria, nitrates, bacteria, leukocyte esterase
Renal US results and interpretation
Small kidneys: CKD
Normal kidneys: Pylonephritis
Large: Polycystic
Causes and symptoms of renal insufficiency
Causes: HTN, CAD, DM, kidney disease
S/S: asymptomatic until GFR <25%
Prerenal vs intrarenal vs postrenal causes of AKI, lab value, and treatment
Prerenal: Outside kidney cause, reversible, UA<20, SC<1.015, Sed normal, FENA <1%
Intrarenal: Intrinsic disorders, medications, tx HD
Post renal: obstruction, remove obstruction
HD criteria
AEIOU
Acidosis, Electrolytes, Intoxication, Oliguria, Uremia
Nephrolithiasis causes, s/s and tx
Causes: Gout, UTIs, calcium
S/S: painful urination, bleeding, acute colic pain radiation to the groin
CT scan to see ureters
Tx: analgesia, hydration, dilaudid, torodal, reglan, lithotripsy
Most common type of RTA
IV- hyporeninemic hypoaldosteroemic
Renal artery stenosis causes and treatment
Causes: HTN and smoking
Treatment: vascular stenting, renal angioplasty, ACE/ARBS, quit smoking
What strep strain leads to glomerulonephritis and treatment
Group A and tx is PCN G
The sensitivity and specificity of urine nitrate vs esterase for UTI
Esterase:highly sensitive but not specific
Nitrates: specific but not sensitive
Serum creatinine, GFR, and UO in Risk AKI
increase 1.5 x baseline crt, or decrease GFR by 25% UO 0.5mls/kg/hour for 6 hours
Crt, GFR, UO in AKI injury
Crt: x2 baseline
GFR: Decreased >50 %
UO 0.5 mls/kg/hr for 12 hours
Cr, GFR, UO in kidney failure
Cr x3 base line
GFR decreased >75%
UO 0.3mls/kg/hr for 24 hours or Anura
Loss vs endstage kidney disease
Loss: complete loss of kidney function x 4 weeks
ESRD: >3 months
Normal Vs Abnormal PSA then specific for 40-50 and 50-60
Normal <4
40-50: <2.5
50-60 <3.5
BPH management
Alpha Blocker: Terazosin, prazosin, tamsulosin
5 alpha reductase: Finasteride
TURP
Saw palmetto
What medications should a BPH patient avoid
Benadryl, Sudafed, Afrin, and SSRIs which can worsen s/s
Creatinine clearance formula
140 - age x BW/ 72 x cr
What type of stone is most common in females
Struvite
What herbal medication can be used to treat cold but may cause kidney damage
Echinacea
Differentiate Renal insufficiency; diminished reserve, Renal insufficiency, and failure
Diminished: 50% nephron loss and double creatinine
RI: 75% nephron loss anal mild creat
Failure: 90% nephron loss
Blood reactions are what kind of kidney injury
Intrarenal
Renal blood flow decreases by what percent every 10 years
10%
At what age does GFR start to decline
30-40 yrs old
What is the normal Creatinine clearance for men and for women
Males: 97-137
Females: 88-128
After the age of 20 crt clearance decreases by how much every 10 years
6.5mls/min
What type of kidney stone is known as the “ammonium, magnesium, phosphate “ stone
Struvite
