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Final Exam Prep > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Hgb

A

12-16

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2
Q

Normal Hct

A

37-54

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3
Q

normal TIBC

A

250-450

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4
Q

Normal Iron

A

50-150

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5
Q

Normal MCV

A

80-100

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6
Q

Normal MCH

A

26-34

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7
Q

Normal MCHC

A

32-36

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8
Q

What are the causes of microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency and thalessemias

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9
Q

Types of macrocytic anemias

A

Vitamin b or folate and megaloblastic anemias

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10
Q

Normocytic anemias

A

Chronic disease or hemolysis

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11
Q

What are the causes, S/S, Lab values, and Tx of iron deficiency Anemia

A

Causes: blood loss, low intake, impaired absorption
S/s: Dyspnea, fatigue, hypotension, pallor, dehydration, PICA
Labs: Low hgb, low MCH, Low MCV, low iron, high RDW, low ferritin, high TIBC
Treatment: oral iron which can cause flatus and constipation

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12
Q

What is B thalessemia, 2 forms, labs, and management

A

Decreased production of normal hgb where B chain is reduced or absent
Minor: One copy of B thalessemia
Major: Produces no normal B thalessemia, typically does not survive the first few months of life
Labs: MCV, MCHC, HGB low, decreased alpha/beta production, iron and TIBC normal
Tx: no treatment, severe condition needs lifelong transfusions

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13
Q

Folic acid deficiency s/s, labs, and treatment

A

s/s: glossitis
Labs: elevated MCV, MCH normal, folate decreased
Tx: Po folic acid intake

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14
Q

Pernicious anemia s/s, labs, and treatment

A

S/s: glossitis, palpitations, dizziness, anorexia, positive neuro findings
Labs: Hgb low, MCV increased, anti-IF high , b12 low
Tx: cyanocobalamin

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15
Q

Sickle Cell Disease triggers, s/s of Crisis, and treatment
Complication

A

Triggers: hypoxia, dehydration, stress, infection
Crisis s/s: Aching joint pain, weakness, dyspnea
Treatment: IVF, dilaudid, O2
Complication: Acute chest syndrome: chest pain, tachypnea, cough, pulm crisis

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16
Q

Hemolytic anemia labs

A

Low H and H, low haptoglobin, elevated retic, elevated LDH, positive schistocytes

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17
Q

What are the microcytic anemias

A

Iron deficiency, and thalessemias

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18
Q

Macrocytic anemias

A

B12 folate deficiency, alcoholism, liver failure

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19
Q

Normocytic anemias

A

Chronic disease, sickle cell, blood loss, and hemolysis

20
Q

What is the most common type of anemia

A

Iron deficiency

21
Q

Causes of iron deficiency anemia

A

Blood loss and low iron intake

22
Q

PICA

A

Unusual food cravings such as ice or clay and is seen in iron deficiency anemia

23
Q

Who typically has thalessemias

A

Asians with anemia think thalessemia

24
Q

S/s of thalessemia

A

Generally well appearing

25
Q

Heterozygous vs Homozygous beta thalessemias

A

Heterozygous is Minor
Homozygous is Major

26
Q

Who is most likely to have folic acid deficiency anemia

A

Homeless, eating disorders, substance abuse

27
Q

S/S of folic acid deficiency

A

Glossitis
Aphthous ulcers
NO NEURO SIGNS

28
Q

What are people with b12 deficiency lacking

A

Intrinsic factor

29
Q

How does the s/s of b12 differ from folate

A

B12 has NEURO symptoms: Parastesias, positive Romberg, postive babinski

30
Q

How long does a B12 deficiency patient need cyanocobalamin?

A

Life long

31
Q

What is a VWF patient lacking that makes them anemic

A

VWF and factor VIII

32
Q

Treatment of VWF

A

Desmopressin, VWF and factor VIII concentrate

33
Q

Where do neoplasms initiate in leukemias

A

Hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow

34
Q

What is the most acute type of leukemia

A

AML

35
Q

Pancytopenia with circulation blasts is a hallmark of which leukemia/

A

ALL

36
Q

What is the mot common leukemia in adults

A

CLL

37
Q

Philadelphia chromosome is the hallmark of which leukemia

A

CML

38
Q

What is 5 FU

A

Chemo

39
Q

What medication can decrease the risk of TLS in chemo

A

Allopurinol

40
Q

Differ stage 1-4 in lymphoma staging

A

I: a single lymph
II: Multiple lymph on one side of the diaphragm
III: Spleen and lymph on both sides of the diaphragm
IV: Liver or bone marrow

41
Q

Differentiate Non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

NH: Lymphadenopathy more common in 50 years old
H: more common in young males, cervical adenopathy that spreads in predictable pattern, Reed stern berg cells

42
Q

Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma tx

A

Radiation and chemo BMT

43
Q

What is Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

A

Autoimmune destruction of platelets, usually chronic

44
Q

What are the first symptoms of ITP in adults

A

Kidney and gum bleeding

45
Q

Treatment of ITP

A

Not necessary until Plts< 20,000
High dose corticosteroids
IVIG
PLT transfusion

46
Q

What should people with folate deficiencies avoid consuming

A

Red wine or alcohol

47
Q

DIC treatment

A

Treat underlying condition
Platelets, FFP, cryo

Final Exam Prep (19 decks)

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