Gruetter 2 Flashcards
Used for refractory hypertension
Minoxidil K channel opener
Used to promote hair growth to treat baldness
Minoxidil K channel opener
Adversely causes marked fluid retention (w/ a diuretic), tachycardia (with a beta blocker), and hypertrichosis
Minoxidil K channel opener
Activating guanylate cyclase increases ____ which allows
cGMP
Vascular smooth muscle relaxation
Arteriodilation = venodilation.
Overall effects = decreases TPR, BP, and CO. Increases HR.
Sodium Nitroprusside
Given IV infusion only because of short t1/2 (minutes).
Used in hypertensive crisis, acute CHF, and MI
Sodium Nitroprusside
Acutely can cause excessive hypotension.
Chronically (days) can cause thiocyanate and/or cyanide toxicity.
Sodium Nitroprusside.
Cyanide + _____ > thiocyanate
Catalyzed by?
Thiosulfate
Rhodanese in liver
If sufficient thiosulfate - __________ toxicity
If insufficient thiosulfate - __________ toxicity
Thiocyanate
Cyanide
Includes nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate
Organic nitrates
Organic nitrates mainly do
Venodilation
At low doses mainly do venodilation to cause overall decrease in CO
Organic Nitrates (Nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate)
At high doses cause venous and arterial dilation to cause overall decreases in CO, TPR, and BP. Increases in HR.
Organic Nitrates (nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate)
Undergo extensive first pass metabolism. Can be given IV, sublingually, or transdermally
Organic Nitrates
Glutathione organic nitrate reductase will denitrate them and decrease their activity
Organic Nitrates
Used for angina, CHF, and acute MI
Organic Nitrates
Can cause excessive hypotension and tolerance is easily built up
Organic Nitrates
Decreases TRP, so you have marked compensatory increases in HR, CO, and fluid retention
Minoxidil K channel opener
Inhalational, very short t1/2 (3-6 secs)
NO
Used for hypoxic respiratory failure in term/near-term neonate a associated with pulmonary hypertension
NO
May cause pulmonary edema (due to NO2 formation) and hypoxemia upon sudden withdrawal
NO
Causes arterial vasodilation to lower BP
Hydralazine
Used in CHF.
Causes ANA formation and a lupus like syndrome
Hydralazine
Causes peripheral vasodilation to decrease BP. Used in hypertensive emergency
Fenoldopam
Relaxation of smooth muscle in corpus cavernosum to cause erection. Relaxation of lower urinary tract muscle to cause urination
PDEi
Used for erectile dysfunction
PDEi
PDEi have ____ metabolism
Hepatic
Used in BPH
PDEi
Tadilafil
