Growth, Reproduction And Genetics

Question 1

Why do living things grow?

Answer 1

Because of cells splitting in 2

Question 2

What does this division allow to happen?

Answer 2

This allows tissues and organs to grow

Question 3

Why do bones progressively get longer and thicker until the age of 15?

Answer 3

Because bone cells divide over and over

Question 4

What is the process of cells splitting called?

Answer 4

Mitosis

Question 5

What is the process of chromosomes splitting and creating gametes?

Answer 5

Meiosis

Question 6

What does cell division mean?

Answer 6

It means reproduction, turning one cell into two

Question 7

Do all living things reproduce? Why ?

Answer 7

Yes! It is criteria for the 7 characteristics of life

Question 8

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 8

Reproduction that involves only one parent

Question 9

Give 2 examples of living things that can asexually reproduce

Answer 9

Yeast & bacteria

Question 10

Does asexual reproduction mean that their offspring is genetically unique or identical?

Answer 10

Identical

Question 11

Can cloning occur in plants?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What is a common example of cloning in plants?

Answer 12

Strawberry plants

Question 13

How do strawberry plants reproduce asexually?

Answer 13

The reproduce asexually by producing side stems called runners

Question 14

What happens to the runners touch the ground?

Answer 14

They produce new stems and roots. A new strawberry plant is produced

Question 15

What’s a good example of animal cloning?

Answer 15

Starfish, they can clone themselves by growing new limbs!

Question 16

Is animal cloning a thing in the animal kingdom normally?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

How do most multi-cellular organisms reproduce?

Answer 17

Sexually

Question 18

Fill in the blank: each parent produces sex cells called ______

Answer 18

Gametes

Question 19

What are female & male sex cells called?

Answer 19

Eggs (f) & sperm (m)

Question 20

Fill in the blank: Gametes fuse together to form a _______

Answer 20

Zygote

Question 21

What is the process of gametes fusing together called?

Answer 21

Fertilisation

Question 22

When a zygote cell divides multiple times, what is the name of cluster of cells?

Answer 22

An embryo

Question 23

What are embryo cells in early stages of development called?

Answer 23

Stem cells

Question 24

Give a short description of the stem cells controversy.

Answer 24

Some people believe that embryos are human beings, that killing them would be murder and others believe that they are just a clump of cells, no a fully formed human being

Question 25

What are the me gametes in plants?

Answer 25

Pollen

Question 26

What are female gametes in plants called?

Answer 26

The eggs

Question 27

How is pollen spread to another flower?

Answer 27

By animals ( bees ) & wind

Question 28

What happens after when pollen grains find another plant?

Answer 28

A pollen grain gets into the ovary

Question 29

What happens after the pollen grains gets into the ovary?

Answer 29

Fertilisation occurs

Question 30

What is the female part of a plant called?

Answer 30

Ovary

Question 31

What is the male part of a plant called?

Answer 31

Anther

Question 32

What forms around an embryo to protect it?

Answer 32

A seed

Question 33

What also gets added to the seed?

Answer 33

A food store, to allow the seed to germinate

Question 34

What is genetics?

Answer 34

The study of inherited characteristics

Question 35

What are inherited characteristics?

Answer 35

They are traits passed on from a parent to a child

Question 36

What are acquired characteristics?

Answer 36

They are learned traits that are formed due to life experience, not from experience

Question 37

What are traits a combination of?

Answer 37

Acquired and inherited characteristics

Question 38

How many chromosomes are normally in your cells?

Answer 38

46

Question 39

How many chromosomes are in sex cells?

Answer 39

23

Question 40

How many sets of chromosomes are in each cell?

Answer 40

2

Question 41

What are chromosomes?

Answer 41

They are thread-like structures that contain genetic material called DNA

Question 42

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 42

In the nucleus of a cell

Question 43

Why do gametes only have 23 chromosomes?

Answer 43

So that the zygote will have a nucleus with the usual two sets of chromosomes

Question 44

How many different parts does DNA have?

Answer 44

4

Question 45

What are these DNA parts called

Answer 45

- Adenine - Thymine - Guanine - Cytosine

Question 46

What is a DNA sequence?

Answer 46

The molecules are are arranged one after another in a particular order

Question 47

different letter combinations spell out __________

Answer 47

Different codes

Question 48

What do these different codes do?

Answer 48

Give them different instructions that the cells can read

Question 49

What does a code do?

Answer 49

A code could make a hormone or an enzyme etc

Question 50

What is a gene?

Answer 50

A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein

Question 51

How many copies of every gene do you get from your parents?

Answer 51

2

Question 52

What are the 2 types genes, gotten from a parent?

Answer 52

Dominant & recessive

Question 53

Are recessive genes or dominate genes more likely to show in their child?

Answer 53

Dominant

Question 54

What is our health influenced by?

Answer 54

Genetics & lifestyle + environment

Question 55

Give 2 examples of inherited diseases:

Answer 55

Cystic fibrosis & haemochmatosis

Question 56

What is biotechnology?

Answer 56

It is the use of organisms or parts of organisms to make useful products

Question 57

What’s an example of biotechnology?

Answer 57

Using yeast to make bread and making yoghurt

Question 58

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 58

It is a type is where you take genes from one organism and transfer them to a different organism

Question 59

Give 2 examples of genetic engineering:

Answer 59

- taking a human gene and putting it into bacteria to make insulin - it is also being used to find a cure for cancer