Groups and Intergroup Relations

Question 1

cognitive dissonance

Answer 1

The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our actions or ideas are in conflict.

Question 2

deindividuation

Answer 2

Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group social situations.

Question 3

discrimination (race relations)

Answer 3

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward another group or its members.

Question 4

group polarization

Answer 4

The enhancement of a group’s tendencies; if a group is tolerant and discusses those ideas, it is likely to become more tolerant. Conversely, if a group is racist and discusses it, it is more likely to become more racist.

Question 5

groupthink

Answer 5

This occurs when a desire for harmony in a group overrides looking at other alternatives or possibilities.

Question 6

scapegoating

Answer 6

The theory that prejudice can be an outlet for anger by improperly assigning blame to an individual, group, or other entity. For example, the Nazis blamed the Jews for problems in Germany.

Question 7

social facilitation

Answer 7

A stronger response on a well-known task when in the presence of others.

Question 8

social loafing

Answer 8

The tendency of people in a group to expend less effort than a person on his or her own would.