Consciousness

Question 1

activation-synthesis hypothesis

Answer 1

The hypothesis that explains dreams as the brain’s attempt to make sense of random firings in the pons area of the brain.

Question 2

alpha waves

Answer 2

Brain waves on an electroencephalogram (EEG) that are associated with being awake and quiet.

Question 3

amphetamines

Answer 3

A stimulant to the central nervous system that increases energy and decreases appetite; used to treat narcolepsy and some forms of depression.

Question 4

antidepressant

Answer 4

A drug used to treat depression. Most work by increasing certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin.

Question 5

apnea

Answer 5

A sleep disorder in which the individual stops breathing multiple times during the night.

Question 6

beta waves

Answer 6

Brain waves on an electroencephalogram (EEG) that are associated with conscious mental activity.

Question 7

circadian rhythm

Answer 7

A metabolic and behavioral cycle that is aided by light cues. It repeats about every 24 hours in humans.

Question 8

delta waves

Answer 8

Large, slow brain waves on an electroencephalogram (EEG) that are associated with deep sleep.

Question 9

insomnia

Answer 9

Inability to sleep, which could be characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, and/or awakening too early.

Question 10

melatonin

Answer 10

A hormone produced by the pineal gland that is associated with sleep onset.

Question 11

methamphetamines

Answer 11

A highly psychologically addictive, illicit, synthetic stimulant that induces feelings of euphoria. In pure form, it is a colorless crystalline solid, sold on the streets as glass, ice, or crystal. As a less pure form, it’s sold as crystalline powder referred to as crank or speed, or in rock formation as tweak, dope, or raw.

Question 12

narcolepsy

Answer 12

A sleep disorder characterized by sudden attacks of REM sleep.

Question 13

neurocognitive theories of dreaming

Answer 13

A group of theories that suggest that dreams are a byproduct of neural firings made by the brain during the night, which are our brain’s attempts to make sense of those firings.

Question 14

psychoactive drug

Answer 14

A substance that alters the functioning of the brain, resulting in changes of mood and behavior.

Question 15

REM

Answer 15

A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movement and nervous system arousal.

Question 16

REM sleep

Answer 16

Most dreaming occurs during this stage, when you experience rapid eye movement.

Question 17

sleep paralysis

Answer 17

The state of being awake but unable to speak or move. It is often a symptom of narcolepsy.

Question 18

stage 1 sleep

Answer 18

When one is first falling asleep; this stage lasts about 5 minutes.

Question 19

stage 2 sleep

Answer 19

During this stage, an EEG shows bursts of activity called spindles.

Question 20

stage 3 sleep

Answer 20

This is the beginning of deep sleep. Your breathing slows.

Question 21

stage 4 sleep

Answer 21

Deep sleep. It is difficult to awaken while in this stage. Most sleepwalking, sleep-talking, and night terrors take place during this stage. Delta waves predominate

Question 22

substance dependence

Answer 22

A pattern of drug use that is characterized by tolerance (needing increasing amounts of the drug to have the same effect), withdrawal symptoms upon stopping the drug, and/or numerous unsuccessful attempts to stop or reduce substance use.

Question 23

tolerance

Answer 23

The capacity built up by regular use of a drug, where over time one must increase the amount of the drug taken to achieve the same level of effectiveness.