group process Flashcards
group
- two people or more
-perceive themselves as a unit
-influence each other
-interdependet
-common identity or common bond
groupiness
is the degree to which a collection of individuals is grouplike
what makes groupiness
-group cohesion and entitativity
group cohesion
strenghth of bonds liking menbers together
entitativity
how much the group considers themselves as a unit
example of high cohesion and high entitativity
family
example of low cohesion and low entitativity
people on a bus
why do we join groups?
-promotes survival and achiving goals
-bolseter our self esteem
- reduces uncertainty
social identity theory:
group identities are an important part of self-definition and a key source of self-esteem
Uncertainty-identity theory
uncertainty about one’s perceptions,attitues,values or feelings is uncorfartable
esting Uncertainty’s Effect on Group Identification
(Hogg, 2007)
-was conclude that people who were put in to groups and were told they were similar to each other decreased their uncertainty
social loafing
when on group tasks, individuals exert less effort if individuals contributions are not possible to identify
why do people slack off in groups?
-low accountability
low expected efforts from others
high perceived dispensability
many hands make light work study
participants asked to make noise with a group and the larger the group less noise the participants (individually) would make (they would put less effort)
social facilitation
the improvement in an individual’s performence of a task when others are present
but it depends on the task
if your good at it/well learned/easy= do better
if your bad at it/hard/new= do worst
Zajoc says mere presence
presence of other people>increses arousal>dominent response becames more likely
-if dominant response in correct/doing well you will be better
-if dominant response is incorrect perofmece is impered
evolutionary apprehension
scared how others see us
distraction-conflict theory
split attention
GroupThink
a phenomenon that occurs when a group of individuals reaches a consensus without critical reasoning or evaluation of the consequences or alternatives.
groupthink
self-cersonship>illusion that others agree(but they are all self-censoring themselves)+more infability
groupthink is more likely when
-when cohesion is more important
-motivation to be liked
-isolated from new information
-external pressure
what are the effects on decision making
-not enought info gather
-alternative not considered
-fail to examine risks of preferred actions
-not adequate plans for failure
how might we encorage effective desicion making
ODDI model
ODDI model
orientation
discussion
decision
implementation
