Green Criminology

Question 1

What are the key readings?

Question 2

What are the criminological influences?

Answer 2

Thinking about green issues, animal rights + environmental protest movements
New deviancy theories
Marxism criminology

Question 3

How is new deviancy theories in relation to GC?

Answer 3

Sensitivity to the plight of the powerless and marginalised

Question 4

How is the marxism crim in relation to GC?

Answer 4

Highlights the crime of the powerful and that the frameworks of the law represent biases and interests hinging on protection of property rights

Question 5

Who defined green criminology?

Answer 5

Ruggiero and South

Question 6

What did Ruggiero and South say?

Answer 6

Green crim is a framework of intellectual, empiricam and political orientations toward primary and secondary harms, offences and crimes that impact in a damaging way on the natural environment, diverse species and the planet

Question 7

What is the focus, key issues and examples for conventional crim?

Answer 7

State defined crime
Legal/illegal
Illegal trade, stealing flora and fauna, pollution offenses

Question 8

What is the focus, key issues and examples for green criminology?

Answer 8

Justice (human, ecological and animal rights)
Harms and violation of rights within an ecological justice framework
Environmental rights and justice, citizenship and justice, animal rights and species justice

Question 9

Who looked at the primary green crimes and harms?

Answer 9

South 2014

Question 10

What are the primary green crimes and harms?

Answer 10

Crimes/harms of air pollution
Crimes/harm of deforestation
Crimes/harms against non-human species
Crimes/harms of water and ground pollution

Question 11

Who looked at green topics investigates to date?

Answer 11

Ruggiero and South 2010

Question 12

What are the green topics?

Answer 12

Pollution and its regulation
Corporate criminality and impacts on the environment (human/wildlife)
Health and safety breaches in the workplace
Illegal disposal of toxic waste involving organised crime and corrupt officials
Speciesism, animal abuse and wildlife trafficking

Question 13

What is the impact of environmental degradation?

Answer 13

Pollution, loss of biodiversity, animal extinction, habitat destruction, deforestation and desertification

Question 14

What is the cause of the environmental degradation?

Answer 14

Human disturbance
Industrial revolution
Mechanised production
Use of fuels as energy
Urbanisation
Population expansion
Increased energy consumption

Question 15

Who looked at environmental degradation?

Answer 15

Harrison and Pearce 2000

Question 16

What happened pre 1500 with environmental degradation?

Answer 16

Global extinction of whole species, many large mammals lost and long term climate change

Question 17

What happened 1500-1760 with environmental degradation?

Answer 17

Capitalist growth leads to resource shortage and land degradation

Question 18

What happened 1760-1965 with environmental degradation?

Answer 18

Capitalist industrialisation, urbanisation, change in rural environments and forest loss

Question 19

What happened with contemporary society with environmental degradation?

Answer 19

Global warming + climate change, marine depletion, overspills, hazardous waste and nuclear risks

Question 20

Who wrote about globalisation and risk society?

Answer 20

Beck 1992

Question 21

What did Beck say environmental degradation is a result of?

Answer 21

A risk society

Question 22

What do modern societies do according to Beck?

Answer 22

Create new risks (including green crimes) that are manufactured through modern technologies

Question 23

What are dangers according to Beck?

Answer 23

They are human produced

Question 24

What does Giddens say about society?

Answer 24

Society is ordered in response to risk, society is preoccupied with the future and generates the notion of risk

Question 25

What are the findings from state of climate change 2018?

Answer 25

Decrease in global oxygen continues
2 million people displaced by weather and climate linked disasters
35 million people affected by floods
Ocean acidification is ongoing
Climate change threats peatland ecosystems

Question 26

Who looked at indigenous environmental injustice and harms?

Answer 26

Lynch et al 2018

Question 27

What are the points from Lynch et al?

Answer 27

INP and victimisation through green crimes
Victimisation through the context of capitalist treadmill of production
Colonialism, imperialism and genocide
INP genocide occurs through ecocide associated with the continued expansion of capitalist treadmill of production

Question 28

What is the case study INP Borneo?

Answer 28

There is extensive deforestation driven by an intersection between demand for timber and weak internal state control
Dramatic effects for the Penan
Efforts to transform the Penan into settler communities into the 1950s led by UK corporate interests
Palm oil plantation, plans for rare metal extraction and coal mining

Question 29

Who looked at critical criminology and the fight against climate change?

Answer 29

White and Kramer

Question 30

How is the dominance of neo-liberal (White and Kramer)?

Answer 30

Guiding rationale for commodification of nature accelerates degradation

Question 31

Who speaks about capital hegomony?

Answer 31

White 2002

Question 32

What did White 2002 say?

Answer 32

Capitalist hegomony is manifest in the way of destructive forms of production and consumption are part of everyday life

Question 33

What factors are interconnected (White and Kramer)?

Answer 33

Bio security, state action and corporate colonialisation of nature