Green Criminology Flashcards
(45 cards)
What are the key readings?
Beirne & South (2007)
Lynch (2020)
Potter (2010)
What are the key points of Beirne & South (2007)?
Recognises environmental rights, human rights, and animal rights.
Advocates for legal frameworks to criminalise environmental destruction affecting humans and animals.
Critiques the lack of criminalisation for long-term environmental harm.
Highlights corporate and state complicity in environmental degradation.
Capitalism and globalisation drive environmental harm through profit-driven exploitation.
Expands criminology to include crimes against animals and advocates for animal welfare laws.
Emphasises the protection of animal rights within green criminology.
What are the recommendations from Beirne & South?
Calls for stronger legal frameworks and corporate responsibility.
Advocates for global cooperation and policy changes to reduce harm to ecosystems and animals.
Encourages grassroots activism to raise awareness and challenge harmful practices.
What are the types of environmental harms according to Beirne & South?
Pollution: Contamination of air, water, and land.
Deforestation & Biodiversity Loss: Habitat destruction via logging, mining, urbanization.
Wildlife Crime: Poaching, illegal trade, habitat destruction.
Animal Exploitation: Factory farming, animal testing, cruelty.
Climate Change: Human-driven environmental harm.
Criminalization of Environmental Harm
What is environmental racism? (Beirne & South)
Marginalised communities face disproportionate harm from pollution.
The Global North exploits the Global South for resources, causing social and environmental injustice
What are the key points from Lynch (2020)?
Emerged in the 1990s in response to corporate and state environmental harm.
Influenced by radical, critical, and eco-justice perspectives.
Challenges anthropocentric criminology by prioritizing environmental protection.
What are the differences between green criminology vs traditional? (Lynch)
Green criminology includes broader harms beyond legal definitions of crime.
Calls for incorporating scientific environmental research into criminology.
Critiques weak environmental laws and poor enforcement.
What are the key points from Potter (2010)?
Regulation & Enforcement Challenges
Weak laws and poor enforcement allow corporate and state environmental crimes to persist.
International agreements like the Paris Agreement often lack strong enforcement mechanisms.
What are the recommendations from Potter?
Stronger laws and state accountability
Increase public awareness to challenge environmental harm
Sustainable policies to balance development with ecological policies.
Who looked at the theoretical foundations of green criminology?
Lynch
What are the theoretical foundations of GC?
Political Economy Approach
Ecological Justice
Environmental Justice
Political economic approach?
Examines capitalism and corporate exploitation of natural resources.
Ecological justice?
Argues that environmental harm affects all species, not just humans.
Environmental justice?
Focuses on marginalised communities being disproportionately affected by harm.
What are the criminological influences?
Thinking about green issues, animal rights + environmental protest movements
New deviancy theories
Marxism criminology
How is new deviancy theories in relation to GC?
Sensitivity to the plight of the powerless and marginalised
How is the marxism crim in relation to GC?
Highlights the crime of the powerful and that the frameworks of the law represent biases and interests hinging on protection of property rights
Who defined green criminology?
Ruggiero and South
What did Ruggiero and South say?
Green crim is a framework of intellectual, empiricam and political orientations toward primary and secondary harms, offences and crimes that impact in a damaging way on the natural environment, diverse species and the planet
What is the focus, key issues and examples for conventional crim?
State defined crime
Legal/illegal
Illegal trade, stealing flora and fauna, pollution offenses
Who looked at the primary green crimes and harms?
South 2014
What are the primary green crimes and harms?
Crimes/harms of air pollution
Crimes/harm of deforestation
Crimes/harms against non-human species
Crimes/harms of water and ground pollution
Who looked at green topics investigates to date?
Ruggiero and South 2010
What are the green topics?
Pollution and its regulation
Corporate criminality and impacts on the environment (human/wildlife)
Health and safety breaches in the workplace
Illegal disposal of toxic waste involving organised crime and corrupt officials
Speciesism, animal abuse and wildlife trafficking
