Administrative Criminology Flashcards
What are the key readings?
Raymen (2016)
Parkin & Coomber (2010)
What are the key points from Raymen?
SCP measures have allowed detaching from others and increasing social inequality
Consumer capitalism and SCP: creating non places
The proletariat also retreating from ‘public life’ p.499
SCP and CPtED ‘design spaces so that they are deliberately absent of anything resembling actually existing public sociability’
urban spaces are designed and governed to remove any sense of spatial ambiguity’
Moral minimalism occurs through ‘an indifference among one another’ + ‘ a lack of collective social integration’
Who defined moral minimalism?
Baumgartner (1988)
What is moral minimalism?
Moral minimalism is when ‘the individual is oriented around the avoidance of interaction or confrontation with others, adopting an averse position to policing’
Who defined defensible spaces?
Newman (1972)
What did Newman (1972) say?
Defensible spaces= deterrence of criminal
defensive space= ‘open, well-lit, highly visible’ p.501
Such as seats designed to deter homeless people, loiterers and the youth
Who defined non places?
Auge 1995
What are non places?
Places that do not have enough ‘significance’ to be considered ‘places’
What are the key points from Parkin & Coomber?
Fluorescent blue lights as situational crime prevention
The lights deter injecting in public spaces
However, from a harm reduction perspective, such lighting may establish particular risk environments
What is administrative criminology according to Walters, 2003?
Criminology that focuses on risk management, cost-effectiveness and reducing crime statistics
What is administrative criminology according to Matthews, 2009?
‘Policy driven evidence rather than evidence driven policy’
Focus on finding evidence that will support current evidence
What is administrative criminology according to Tierney, 2009?
Approaching crime in a way that makes causal factor irrelevant
What is rational choice theory?
Assumes that there are potential offenders who weigh the costs and benefits of committing crime
What does RCT focus on?
The different circumstances where an individual will commit a crime
What can be done to change motivation
How can crime decrease according to RCT?
By decreasing the opportunities available
What is the aim of RCT?
To make the choice to commit crime irrational
What are the factors of situational crime prevention?
Increasing the perceived effort involved in carrying out crime
Increasing the perceived risks of getting caught
Reducing anticipated rewards
Reducing provocation
Reducing excuses
What is increasing perceived effort involved in carrying out crime?
Having access control, deflecting offenders + controlling means
What is increasing the perceived risks of getting caught?
Formal surveillance, natural surveillance + reducing anonymity
What is reducing anticipated rewards?
Target removal, target concealment + denying benefits
What is reducing provocation?
Minimising the possibility of disputes, discouraging imitation + neutralising peer pressure
What is reducing excuses?
Rule setting, posting instructions + stimulating conscience
What are the social contexts for situational crime prevention?
Decline of the social + privatisation of public space
What is decline of the social?
Citizens are private and individualised
Strangers are seen as threats and sources of intrusion
Beck (1992)= political-economic changes led to increased risks and fear
