Decolonising Criminology Flashcards
What are the key readings?
Hogg et al & Carrington et al
What are the key points from Carrington et al?
The south referred to as a divide, economically
Decreasing ‘global poverty’ has caused a ‘decline in global inequality
Large divisions within the Global North economically
Being ‘underdeveloped…was not the normal…condition of particular countries so labelled but commonly a consequence of their subordinate place in the global economic order
What are the key points from Hogg et al?
Neo-imperialism involved economic and knowledge flows across a continuous space
The US and UK ‘publish more indexed journals than the rest of the world combined
Less circulation in the Global North of the journal when there is an Australian author
Knowledge being ‘driven by economic motives
Dominance of social science journals in ‘North Atlantic world and that of Anglophone countries
How did the industrial revolution occur in the UK?
Through the slave trade, turning it into an advanced nation
What are the links of critical criminology and decolonisation?
Radicalisation
Social + historical structure= America and UK working together to removing the Iranian PM from power in 1953
The criminological imagination
What are the pains of colonisation?
Genocides accompany processes of conquest (Mexico, 15th C), killed due to disease from Spain during the colonialisation, Britain stealing the valuables from the Spain after they stole from Mexico)
Indonesia
North America (genocide of Native Americans)
India (19th, UK maintained famines)
Borderline made in other countries by UK (control of the world)
What is colonialism?
A practice of domination which involves the subjugation of one people to another
What does colonialism refer to?
To the late 19th century european scrambles for Africa snd Asia
The destruction of memory
What occurred in 1850 with the British Empire?
Indian civil war
What occurred in 1860s-1900s?
Scramble for Africa (Britain, France + Germany)
What occurred in 1940s?
The Bengal famine, the crime of partition
What occurred in 1950s?
Kenya, Suez + the wind of change (decolonisation)
What is US imperialism?
The expansion of the US influence to other countries
What is the US referred to as?
The world’s policement as it prevents national liberation struggles through spheres of influence
What occurred through US imperialism?
Gulf wars= Iran (1953), Iraq (1991) & Afghanistan
Anti-communism wars with Korea, Cuba + Vietnam
Who speaks about the history of colonialism?
Agozino 2004
What is colonialism in criminology? Agozino
Criminology was born at the height of European colonialism, employed by imperialism to build a science to control others
Enlightenment period caused racial taxonomy
Lack of rep of indigenous topics
Push against interventions of the racial Other
What does criminology constitute in colonialism?
An intrinsically colonial discipline
Theories establish by colonialism being imposed on and by silencing alternative perspectives from non-Western parts of the world
Where is criminological knowledge production situated?
In Giobal North’s English-speaking countries
What has social science succeeded in?
Representing itself
Widely accepted as universal, timeless and placeless
Who speaks of sociology?
Connell, 1997
What does Connell say?
Sociology needs to be understood as shaped by imperialism and as embodying a cultural response to the colonised world
What does the Southern theory (Connell) suggest?
Presents the thought of a variety of social theorists from formerly colonised and peripheral societies including settler-colonial countries such as Australia
What does Southern Criminology suggest we should do?
Reframe criminology as an epistemological and political project
What does southern criminology result in?
Shifting focus from the state CJS to global inequalities, transnational crime + postcolonial politics
What are the aims of Southern criminology?
Recify these omissions by adding new and diverse perspectives to criminological research agendas to make them more inclusive and benefits of the world we live in
What are the lessons from the global south?
International criminal tribunal in Rwanda
Transitional justice in argentina
Who looked at international criminal tribunal in Rwanda?
Viebach, 2018
What are the main points from Viebach?
The role of the international criminal tribunal for rewards
Trauma on trial
Language of law and inability to hear trauma on the witness stands
Relationship between trauma and witnessing and memory making
Who looked at the transitional justice in Argentina?
Quiros, 2018
What are the key points from Quiros?
Argentina as a space that modelled individual state responsibility for state crime
High level human rights prosecutions against repressive military dictatorships
Ordinary crimes co-exist with those relating to truth memory and justice and authoritarian past
Impact on structure and practice of the CJS and representations of penality
Judicalisation of state crimes and military has opened the door
What are the criticisms of southern criminology?
Anything new or simply a variant of comparative observation
Misinterpreting, neglecting, and silencing earlier and contemporary works from the Global South
Failing to provide and embed an adequate theorisation of colonialism
Being dominated by Global North (particularly Australian) scholars (Moosavi 2019)
What is indigenous criminology?
Purposeful strategy of delegitimizing Indigenous knowledge and social-cultural practices
Dispossession, Dislocation and Cultural Trauma
‘Stolen Generations’ and Indigenous Child Removal
Government Fraud and Child Labour
What occurred in 2017 with indigenous criminology?
Canadian Indigenous tribes declare state of emergency due to worsening drug crisis
Who looked at indigenous criminology?
Shephard et al 2020
What did Shephard et al find?
1/5 indigenous male Australians have or are currently incarcerated
Who looked at the importance of Southern Crim?
Graham & Hale (2011)
What is the importance of Southern Crim? Graham & Hale
The US and UK dominate academic publishing, producing more indexed journals than the rest of the world combined.
Western Europe and North America account for most of the globally recognised knowledge.
What are Graham & Hale’s recommendation?
Encouraging open-access publishing to make research more widely available.
Supporting South-South collaboration in research and academia.
Promoting multilingual academic publishing to diversify knowledge production.
Increasing investment in digital infrastructure to bridge the internet access gap.
Who critiqued Southern Crim?
Dimou
What did Dimou say?
Southern criminology aims to challenge Western-dominated criminological knowledge but still operates within the frameworks of Western modernity.
While it acknowledges global inequalities in knowledge production, it does not fully break away from colonial structures.
Some attempts at decolonization focus only on adding more diverse perspectives without addressing structural inequalities in knowledge production.
Simply increasing representation does not dismantle colonial epistemologies unless power structures within academia are also challenged.
Who looked at the economic feastibility of decolonising criminology?
Roehm (2022)
Craemer et al (2020)
What are the key points from Roehm?
Economic= slavery has denied African americans the right to earn
Racial wealth gap- allowed through segregation and ‘discriminating in welfare programs’ p.3
Craemer et al (2020)- German financial support to Israel due to the holocaust
There is no consensus on how to quantify those costs
What did Allen recommend for economics?
Allen argues reparations must be targeted payments to increase Black working-class income
What does Craemer et al recommend for reparations?
They advocate for reparations in the form of direct payments, investments in education, housing, and healthcare, as well as institutional reforms to promote racial equity.
Increasing access to affordable housing, implementing fair wage policies, and creating more opportunities for Black entrepreneurship.
Who looked at alternative approaches to reparations?
Darity & Mullen
What are alternative approaches to reparations?
Darity and Mullen stress that reparations should address multiple dimensions of inequality—economic (wealth transfer), social (education, healthcare), and political (equal participation in governance and policy-making).
