Greece Flashcards
Main mountains of Greece
Pindos mountains
Elevation requirements for Slopes of Meliton
100-350 MASL
White and red VOCs of Moravia
Mikulov Welschriesling Palava Riesling Pinot Gris Pinot Blanc Pinot Noir
Style in Palava
Czech Republic, Moravia White only 100% welschriesling Max 12 g/l RS Botrytis permitted
Rivers of tokaji
Bodrog
Tisza
First winery to bottle wine in Greece?
Boutari
Rubin Parentage
Nebbiolo x Syrah
Romanian Wine Classifications
Wines for Current Consumption/ Table Wines -vino de mesa -vino de mesa superior Quality Wines -VS -DOC -CMD (fully mature) -CT (late harvest) -CIB (botrytis)
Retsina Appellations
Gialtra Evia Karystos Viotia Thebes Halkida Megara Attica Pallini Pikermi Spata Mesogia Markopoulos Peania Koropi
PDOs of Crete
Archanes Dafnes Peza Candia Malvasia Candia Sitia Malvasia Sitia
Rose Retsina
Kokkineli (made from Roditis as a rose)
Grapes of Amynteo
all styles are 100% Xinomavro
DOC Levels in Romania
CMD (fully mature
CT (late harvest)
CIB (botrytis)
Samos PDO styles and grapes
Liastos VDN VDN Grand Cru VDL All from Moschato Aspro- dried or fresh
Name of Mountain range running down the center of Greece?
Pindos (southern portion of central alps)
Original winemaker of Domaine Carras
Evangelos Garrovassiliou, with Emile Peynaud
Regions of Romania
Moldovia Multenia and Oltenia Banat Crisana and Maramunes Dabrogia Danube Terraces Transylvania Plateau
“Barik”
Bulgarian term indicating a quality wine that was fermented in barrels 500L or less
Area PGI owner by monastery with no women permitted
Mount Athos
Halkidiki
Macedonia
Limnos PDO styles and grapes
White (dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet, all from Muscat of Alexandria)
Dry Red (Lemnio)
VDN white- muscat alexandrias
Liastos white- muscat alexandrias
Naoussa Styles
Dry
Semi-Dry Red
Semi-Sweet Red
Where was Greece’s first modern co-op founded and when?
Samos. 1934
Most Planted grapes in Bulgaria
Native: Gamza (Kadarka) Mavrud Melnik (Struma River) Pamid Rubin
Int’l:
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
PDO’s of Greece permitting rose?
Amynteo (sparkling and still)
Rhodes (sparkling and still, the still rose here may be sweet or dry)
What is moschomavro?
Other red grape of Macedonia in Greece
No PDO regions
Light bodied, easy drinking, red
Not very high quality but widely planted
Most Planted White grapes in Bulgaria
Rkatsiteli
Dimiat
Aging reqs for Aszú
Jan 1 3rd year after
18 months oak
What is siatistia
Western Macedonia traditional sweet red (xinomavro and maschomavro)
Peza PDO styles and grapes
Dry white (vilana 100%) Dry red (kotsifali and mandilaria)
Four Regions of Crete
Hania
Rethymno
Iraklio
Lasithi
What are the two Greek PDOs not focused solely on indigenous varieties?
Slopes of Meliton
Mesenikola (Thessalia)
Malvasia Paros PDO styles and grapes
Naturally Sweet White
VDN White
Both are Monemvassia-based with max 15% assyrtiko
2 years aging in oxidative environs (4 year aging scheme also)
1st growths of tokaji
Szarmas
Mezes maly
Production centre of Retsina in Greece?
Central Greece (sterea ellada)
Volume of one puttonyos
20 kilos
Egon Muller’s Slovakia project
Chateau Bela
Near Sturovo
Archanes PDO styles and grapes
Dry red (kotsifali and mandilaria)
Only PDO permitting rose production in Greece
Amynteo (Sparkling and Still, located in northern Macedonia)
The other red grape of Macedonia (Greece)
Moschomavro
Defining hill of tokaji
Mount Kopasz (tokaji Hill)
Volume of gonc barrel
136 liters
Bulgarian regions recognized by EU
Danubian plain (north) Thracian lowlands (South)
Term for terraces in Greek vineyards
Pezoules
Particularly common on Aegean islands (Samos, Paros, Rhodes, santorini)
Dominant producer of Samos
United Winemaking Agricultural Co-op of Samos (UWC Samos) founded in 1934
Red grapes of Santorini?
Mandilaria
Mavrotragano
Aidani Mavro
Mavrothiro
Meltemi
Wind that sweeps Aegean islands
Where does Egon Muller make wine in Eastern europe?
Chateau Bela
Sturovo, Slovakia
When was botrytis wine first made in tokaji? By whom? Where?
1630
Szepsy lacks mate (reverend of rakoczi family) from oremus vineyard
Muscat of Lemnos PDO styles and grapes
Liastos VDN VDN Grand Cru VDL all from Moscato Alexandrias
Max yield for Aszú and eszencia
Aszú: 70 hL/ha
Eszencia: 14 hL/ ha (2 tons per ha)
Producer of Slopes of Meliton
Domaine Carras (Monopole)
Slopes of Ambelos PGI
On Lemnos, specifically for dry muscat of alexandria
Malvasia Sitia PDO styles and grapes
VDN White
Naturally Sweet White
Both are blends of: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiani, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko, plus a max of 15% combined Muscat Aspro and Malvasia Candia
Vin Santo Santorini
min. 51% Assyrtiko w/ Aidani. Athiri
Dried before pressing
Fortification is permitted, not required, and less often practiced
Min. 2 years aging (4 year multiple aging)
Eszencia requirements post 2013
450 min RS
- 75% min potential alcohol
- 2 - 8% actual alcohol
Most planted autochthonous varieties in Greece
Savatiano (16.5%) Roditis (14.3%) Agiorgitiko (5.25%) Latino (3.85%) Xinomavro (3.44%) Muscat of Hamburg (3.1%) Assyrtiko (3.1%)
Aszú requirements post 2013
120 g/l RS Potential alcohol 19% Min alc 9% Released Jan 1 3rd year after Min 18 months oak
Most-planted grapes in Romania?
Feteasca Alba
Feteasca Regala
North Wind blowing through Aegean
Meltemi- hot, dry air, Mid-may through September, especially hard on Santorini
Sweetness levels of Amynteo Wines
Dry Sparkling Rose - 17-32 g/L
Semi-Sweet Sparkling Rose - 32-50 g/L
Rose/ Red - <4 g/L
Subzones of Moravia
Znojmo
Mikulov
Velke Pavlovice
Slovacko
Czech Republic
Kokkineli
Restina rose
Sitia PDO styles and grapes
Dry white (Vilana (70%+) plus thrapsarithi) Dry red (liatiko (80%+) plus mandilaria) VDL Red (liatiko) VDN Red (liatiko) Laistos red (liatiko)
Regions of Czech Republic
Morava (Moravia)
Cechy (Bohemia)
Dominant soils of Amynteo
Sand (some Loam & limestone)
Allows for own rooted and old vines
Where is Gerovassiliou located?
Epanomi
Macedonia
New Project of Domaine Carras founder
Evangelos Garrovassilou started Ktima Gerovassiliou and resurrected the Malagousia grape, in PGI Thessaloniki
Tsipouro
Greek grappa, preferred fortification tool for sweet wines
Styles of znojmo VOC
Czech Republic, Moravia White only Gruner veltliner Riesling Sauvignon Blanc Max 25 g/l RS
Grapes permitted for Retsina
savatiano and Roditis
Non Aszú aging reqs
Min 2 years aging
Min 1 Year Oak
Rhodes PDO styles and grapes
White (dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet)- 70%+ Athiri plus assyrtiko, malagousia
Rose (dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet)- 70%+ Mandilaria plus mavrothiriki
Red (dry, semi-dry, smh-sweet)- 70%+ Mandilaria plus mavrothiriki
Sparkling (white or rose, all EU sweetness levels)- same as their respective colors above
Producers on Santorini
Santo Boutari Hatzidakis Sigalas Gaia
Climate of Amynteo
Continental Higher elev (520-720) but moderates by lakes
Mezza
Sweet red wine from Santorini
Air dried mandilaria
Where would you find Red Misket
Bulgaria, Rose Valley, Sungulare
White grape, aromatic, not related to muscat
Chateau Bela
Riesling producer, Egon Muller, Sturovo, Slovakia
Style produced in mikulov
Czech Republic, Moravia
White and red
Welschriesling Riesling Palava Pinot Blanc Pinot Gris Pinot Noir
Dominant producer of Rhodes sparkling wines
CAIR- unofficial co-op, founded in 1928
What are the Regions of Greece?
Thrace Macedonia Epirus Thessalia Epirus Central Greece Peloponnese Aegean Islands Ionian Islands Crete
What was Greece’s primary export t Europe in the 1880’s?
Raisins (the Peloponnese was the centre of production)
Wind of Aegean islands
Meltemi
Paros PDO styles and grapes
Dry White (100% Monemvassia) Dry Red (min. 35% Mandilaria, co-ferment with Monemvassia must)
“Special Selection” in Bulgaria
DGO wines aged at least 2 years
Climate of naoussa
Continental
Greek regions with potential for harvest season rainfall issues?
Macedonia and Thrace
What are red wines of Santorini released as?
More generic PGI of Cyclades
Max volume of resin Retsina?
.15 to 1.0% of final volume
Grapes permitted in Slopes of Meliton
White- Roditis, Athiri, Assyrtiko
Red- CS, Lemnio, CF
Styles permitted in Slopes of Meliton
Dry White (Roditis, Athiri, Assyrtiko) Dry Red (CS, CF, Lemnio)
Greek term for grappa
Tsipouro
Preferred fortification medium for Greek dessert wines?
Tsipouro- greek grappa
Style in modre hory
Czech Republic, Moravia Red and rose Lemberger Blauer portugeiser St Laurent
“Vin Tanar”
Romanian
“Young Wine”- bottled before end of harvest year
Grapes permitted in Messenikola
Mavro messenikola min 70%
Syrah + Carignan max 30%
Styles produced in Blatnice
Czech Republic, Moravia White only Riesling Chardonnay Pinot Blanc Pinot Gris
Cotinari
Sweet wine of Slovenia
Aegean Island PDOs
Santorini Paros Rhodes Limnos Samnos Muscat of Rhodes Muscat of Lemnos Malvasia Paros
Candia PDO styles and grapes
Dry white (vilana, vidiano, assyrtiko, thrapsarithi, liatiko, athiri plus max 15% combined muscat Spinas and Malvasia do candia
Dry red (kotsifali and mandilaria)
PDO’s of Macedonia W->E
Amynteo
Naoussa
Goumenissa
Slopes of Meliton
Grapes of Goumenissa
Xinomavro
Negoska (max 20%)
Year tokaji was classified officially
1737
Styles permitted in Goumenissa
Dry Red
Production method permitted for Amynteo sparkling wines?
Tank or traditional
VOCs of Moravia
Blatnice Mikulov Modre Hory Palomo Znojmo
Dafnes PDO styles and grapes
Dry Red (Liatiko) VDL Red (Liatiko) VDN Red (Liatiko) VDN Red Grand Cru (Liatiko) Liastos Red (Liatiko)
5 Major Zones of Bulgaria
Danubian Plain* Black Sea Region Struma River Valley Thracian Lowlands* Rose Valley
- = recognized by EU
Greek Winery responsible for bringing Emile Peynaud in?
Domaine Porto Carras, started in 1970
Mountain range of tokaji
Zemplen (volcanic)
Greek Traditional PGI’s
Retsina
Verdea
Can sparkling Amynteo be white?
No.
Sparkling PDO wine must be rose
Kanavas
small co-ops or wine producers on the island of Santorini
Muscat of Rhodes PDO styles and grapes
Liastos VDN VDN Grand Cru VDL all from Muscat Aspro
“Reserve” in Bulgaria
DGO wines aged at least 1 year
Malvasia Candia PDO styels and grapes
VDN White
Naturally Sweet White
Both are blends of: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiani, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko, plus a max 15% combined Muscat Aspro and Malvasia Candia
When did Phylloxera arrive in Greece?
1898 (arriving in Macedonia)
Red wine only regions of Moravi
Modre Hory Rose and red Lemberger Blauer portugeiser St Laurent
PDO’s of Macedonia
Amynteo
Goumenissa
Naoussa
Slopes of Meliton
Sweetness Levels of Naoussa
Dry Red - <4 g/L
Semi-Dry Red - 4.5-17.5 g/L
Semi-Sweet Red - 17.5 - 45 g/L
Term for rose retsina
Cocchineli
Nychteri
grapes harvested before dawn, pressed same day
aged min. three months (often longer)
flor sometimes develops- high in alc and acid
Tsipouro
Greek term for grappa
Santorini PDO styles and grapes
Dry White (Assyrtiko (min 75%) plus Athiri, Aidani)
Nychteri
Liastos White
Vin Santo
Five brands that led the quality revolution charge in Greece?
Boutari Achaia Clauss Kambas Kourtakis Tsantli
What region was Boutari founded in?
Naoussa
Styles permitted in Amynteo
Sparkling Rose (Dey, Sem-sweet)
Rose
Dry Red
Region of slopes of meliton
Halkidiki
Subzones of Cechy
Czech Republic
Melnik
Litomerice
Key wine region in Translyvania
Tarnave
Grapes of Naoussa
All Styles 100% Xinomavro
Wind of the Aegean Sea
Meltemi
PDO’s allowing international varieties
Slopes of Meliton (1982)
Messenikola (1994)
Only Dry Red PDO allowing use of white grapes/ must?
Paros (Mandilaria plus monemvassia)
Kesoi szuretelesu
Late harvest in tokaji
Min alc 9%
No minimum RS
Smallest PDO in Greece
Rapsani
Thessali
PDOs of Thessaly
Anchialos
Messenikola
Rapsani
Grapes of Rapsani PDO
Xinomavro
Stavroto
Krasato
Grapes of Messenikola PDO
Mavro Messenikola (70%+) Syrah + Carignan (max 30%)
Anchialos PDO grapes
Roditis (80% min)
Savatiano (20% max)
Styles permitted in Anchialos
Whites only
Dry
Semi-dry
Semi-sweet
Cava on a Greek wine label
For PGI wines only. Refers to minimum aging.
White/ rose: 1 year total w/ 6 months in oak
Red: 3 years total w/ 12 months in oak
Grand Reserve on Greek wine label
PDO wines only
Indicates min aging:
White: 2 years aging, with min. 1 year in oak, 6 months in oak
Red: 4 years aging, 18 months in oak, 18 months in bottle
Grand on a Greek wine label
Same as Grand Reserve
PDO wines only. Min aging designation
White: 2 years, w/ 1 year in oak, 6 months in bottle
Red: 4 years, w/ 18 months in oak, 18 months in bottle
Reserve on Greek wine labels
PDO wines only
Min aging requirements
White: 12 months, w/ 6 months oak, 3 months bottle
Red: 2 years, 12 months oak, 6 months bottle
Paleomenos se vareli on Greek wine label
For PDO, PGI, Cava-labeled varietal wines.
Indicates additional oak aging beyond minimum
Top boutique producer of Peloponnese
Domaine Mercouri
PDOs of Peloponnese
Mantinia Nemea Patras Mavrodaphne of Patras Monemvasia-Malvasia Muscat of Patras Muscat of Rio Patras
Dry PDOs of Peloponnese
Mantinia- dry and sparkling white
Patras- dry white
Nemea- dry red (sweets are also permitted)
Mantinia PDO
Peloponnese
Dry white or skin contact vin Gris
Sparkling white (all sweetness levels)
85%+ moschofilero, plus asproudes
Nemea PDO
Peloponnese Dry reds Semi- sweet reds Vin doux VDN Sweet dried grape wines 100% agiorgitiko
Different sweet wine styles of Greece
Semi-sweet red wine: stopped fermentation or back-sweetened with must
Vin Doux: mistelle, fortified before fermentation starts
Vin Doux Naturel: fortifies during ferment, classic VDN style a la port
Sweet dried grape wine: late harvest/ sun dried grapes used as base of wine
Patras PDO
Peloponnese Dry white Semi-dry White Semi-sweet White 100% roditis
Sweetness levels in Greek still wines
Dry: max 4 g/l
Semi-Dry: 4.5 -17.5 g/l
Semi sweet: 12-45 g/l
Sweet: 45+ g/l
Mavdrophne of Patras
Peloponnese
Natural sweet red wines: dried grape VDL
Sweet Red Wine: VDL from non dried grapes with addition of must
Mavrodaphne and max 49% Mavri Korinthiaki
Largest PDO of Greece by landmass
Patras (Peloponnese)
Climate of Peloponnese
Continental in central region
Hot Mediterranean at edges
Region of Greece with most extensive plantings
Peloponnese
Especially the NE section- Corinth, Achaia, Arcadia
Major PGI regions of Peloponnese
Corinth, Achaia, Arcadia
All located in northeast
Producers credited with modernizing Nemea style
Skouras (In 1980’s)
Gaia (in 1990’s)
Skouras bottling of agiorgitiko and Cabernet
Megas Oenos
Megas Oenos
First modern bottling of Nemea
1980’s by Skouras
Blended with Cabernet
New limousine oak
Traditional style vs modern for Nemea
Traditional- light and fruity red, maybe carbonic
Modern- richer, maybe lots of oak, popularized by Skouras and Gaia, blended with Cabernet
Zones of Nemea
What defines them and what are their main productions focus?
Low: 200-450 m generally hot and used for dessert wines
Mid: 450-650 m with poor soils and noticeably cooler
Upper: 650-850 m much cooler, generally for rosé production
Most famous “cru” of Nemea
Koutsi
Lots of limestone
~650 m
Headquarters of Gai
Main “crus” of Naoussa
Trifolo
Fytia
Ramnista
Geographic features of Mantinia PDO
Located in Arcadia central Peloponnese Avg 750m elevation on high plateau Clay and rocky soils with iron Ringed by mountains Snow is common and climate is cooler and less reliably warm than most of Greece
Most coming blending component for Mantinia PDO
Glikerithra
But In practice most wines are varietal moschofilero