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Greece Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Main mountains of Greece

A

Pindos mountains

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2
Q

Elevation requirements for Slopes of Meliton

A

100-350 MASL

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3
Q

White and red VOCs of Moravia

A 
Mikulov
Welschriesling
Palava
Riesling
Pinot Gris 
Pinot Blanc 
Pinot Noir
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4
Q

Style in Palava

A 
Czech Republic, Moravia 
White only
100% welschriesling 
Max 12 g/l RS
Botrytis permitted
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5
Q

Rivers of tokaji

A

Bodrog

Tisza

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6
Q

First winery to bottle wine in Greece?

A

Boutari

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7
Q

Rubin Parentage

A

Nebbiolo x Syrah

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8
Q

Romanian Wine Classifications

A 
Wines for Current Consumption/ Table Wines
 -vino de mesa
 -vino de mesa superior
Quality Wines
 -VS
 -DOC
  -CMD (fully mature)
  -CT (late harvest)
  -CIB (botrytis)
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9
Q

Retsina Appellations

A 
Gialtra
Evia
Karystos
Viotia
Thebes
Halkida
Megara
Attica
Pallini
Pikermi
Spata
Mesogia
Markopoulos
Peania
Koropi
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10
Q

PDOs of Crete

A 
Archanes
Dafnes
Peza
Candia
Malvasia Candia
Sitia
Malvasia Sitia
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11
Q

Rose Retsina

A

Kokkineli (made from Roditis as a rose)

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12
Q

Grapes of Amynteo

A

all styles are 100% Xinomavro

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13
Q

DOC Levels in Romania

A

CMD (fully mature
CT (late harvest)
CIB (botrytis)

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14
Q

Samos PDO styles and grapes

A 
Liastos
VDN
VDN Grand Cru
VDL
All from Moschato Aspro- dried or fresh
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15
Q

Name of Mountain range running down the center of Greece?

A

Pindos (southern portion of central alps)

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16
Q

Original winemaker of Domaine Carras

A

Evangelos Garrovassiliou, with Emile Peynaud

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17
Q

Regions of Romania

A 
Moldovia
Multenia and Oltenia
Banat
Crisana and Maramunes
Dabrogia
Danube Terraces
Transylvania Plateau
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18
Q

“Barik”

A

Bulgarian term indicating a quality wine that was fermented in barrels 500L or less

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19
Q

Area PGI owner by monastery with no women permitted

A

Mount Athos
Halkidiki
Macedonia

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20
Q

Limnos PDO styles and grapes

A

White (dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet, all from Muscat of Alexandria)
Dry Red (Lemnio)
VDN white- muscat alexandrias
Liastos white- muscat alexandrias

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21
Q

Naoussa Styles

A

Dry
Semi-Dry Red
Semi-Sweet Red

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22
Q

Where was Greece’s first modern co-op founded and when?

A

Samos. 1934

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23
Q

Most Planted grapes in Bulgaria

A 
Native:
Gamza (Kadarka)
Mavrud
Melnik (Struma River)
Pamid
Rubin

Int’l:
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot

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24
Q

PDO’s of Greece permitting rose?

A

Amynteo (sparkling and still)

Rhodes (sparkling and still, the still rose here may be sweet or dry)

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25
Q

What is moschomavro?

A

Other red grape of Macedonia in Greece
No PDO regions
Light bodied, easy drinking, red
Not very high quality but widely planted

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26
Q

Most Planted White grapes in Bulgaria

A

Rkatsiteli

Dimiat

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27
Q

Aging reqs for Aszú

A

Jan 1 3rd year after

18 months oak

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28
Q

What is siatistia

A

Western Macedonia traditional sweet red (xinomavro and maschomavro)

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29
Q

Peza PDO styles and grapes

A 
Dry white (vilana 100%)
Dry red (kotsifali and mandilaria)
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30
Q

Four Regions of Crete

A

Hania
Rethymno
Iraklio
Lasithi

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31
Q

What are the two Greek PDOs not focused solely on indigenous varieties?

A

Slopes of Meliton

Mesenikola (Thessalia)

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32
Q

Malvasia Paros PDO styles and grapes

A

Naturally Sweet White
VDN White

Both are Monemvassia-based with max 15% assyrtiko
2 years aging in oxidative environs (4 year aging scheme also)

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33
Q

1st growths of tokaji

A

Szarmas

Mezes maly

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34
Q

Production centre of Retsina in Greece?

A

Central Greece (sterea ellada)

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35
Q

Volume of one puttonyos

A

20 kilos

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36
Q

Egon Muller’s Slovakia project

A

Chateau Bela

Near Sturovo

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37
Q

Archanes PDO styles and grapes

A

Dry red (kotsifali and mandilaria)

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38
Q

Only PDO permitting rose production in Greece

A

Amynteo (Sparkling and Still, located in northern Macedonia)

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39
Q

The other red grape of Macedonia (Greece)

A

Moschomavro

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40
Q

Defining hill of tokaji

A

Mount Kopasz (tokaji Hill)

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41
Q

Volume of gonc barrel

A

136 liters

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42
Q

Bulgarian regions recognized by EU

A 
Danubian plain (north)
Thracian lowlands (South)
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43
Q

Term for terraces in Greek vineyards

A

Pezoules

Particularly common on Aegean islands (Samos, Paros, Rhodes, santorini)

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44
Q

Dominant producer of Samos

A

United Winemaking Agricultural Co-op of Samos (UWC Samos) founded in 1934

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45
Q

Red grapes of Santorini?

A

Mandilaria
Mavrotragano
Aidani Mavro
Mavrothiro

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46
Q

Meltemi

A

Wind that sweeps Aegean islands

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47
Q

Where does Egon Muller make wine in Eastern europe?

A

Chateau Bela

Sturovo, Slovakia

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48
Q

When was botrytis wine first made in tokaji? By whom? Where?

A

1630

Szepsy lacks mate (reverend of rakoczi family) from oremus vineyard

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49
Q

Muscat of Lemnos PDO styles and grapes

A 
Liastos
VDN
VDN Grand Cru
VDL
all from Moscato Alexandrias
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50
Q

Max yield for Aszú and eszencia

A

Aszú: 70 hL/ha

Eszencia: 14 hL/ ha (2 tons per ha)

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51
Q

Producer of Slopes of Meliton

A

Domaine Carras (Monopole)

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52
Q

Slopes of Ambelos PGI

A

On Lemnos, specifically for dry muscat of alexandria

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53
Q

Malvasia Sitia PDO styles and grapes

A

VDN White
Naturally Sweet White

Both are blends of: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiani, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko, plus a max of 15% combined Muscat Aspro and Malvasia Candia

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54
Q

Vin Santo Santorini

A

min. 51% Assyrtiko w/ Aidani. Athiri
Dried before pressing
Fortification is permitted, not required, and less often practiced
Min. 2 years aging (4 year multiple aging)

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55
Q

Eszencia requirements post 2013

A

450 min RS

  1. 75% min potential alcohol
  2. 2 - 8% actual alcohol
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56
Q

Most planted autochthonous varieties in Greece

A 
Savatiano (16.5%)
Roditis (14.3%)
Agiorgitiko (5.25%)
Latino (3.85%)
Xinomavro (3.44%)
Muscat of Hamburg (3.1%)
Assyrtiko (3.1%)
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57
Q

Aszú requirements post 2013

A 
120 g/l RS
Potential alcohol 19%
Min alc 9%
Released Jan 1 3rd year after
Min 18 months oak
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58
Q

Most-planted grapes in Romania?

A

Feteasca Alba

Feteasca Regala

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59
Q

North Wind blowing through Aegean

A

Meltemi- hot, dry air, Mid-may through September, especially hard on Santorini

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60
Q

Sweetness levels of Amynteo Wines

A

Dry Sparkling Rose - 17-32 g/L
Semi-Sweet Sparkling Rose - 32-50 g/L
Rose/ Red - <4 g/L

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61
Q

Subzones of Moravia

A

Znojmo
Mikulov
Velke Pavlovice
Slovacko

Czech Republic

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62
Q

Kokkineli

A

Restina rose

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63
Q

Sitia PDO styles and grapes

A 
Dry white (Vilana (70%+) plus thrapsarithi)
Dry red (liatiko (80%+) plus mandilaria)
VDL Red (liatiko)
VDN Red (liatiko)
Laistos red (liatiko)
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64
Q

Regions of Czech Republic

A

Morava (Moravia)

Cechy (Bohemia)

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65
Q

Dominant soils of Amynteo

A

Sand (some Loam & limestone)

Allows for own rooted and old vines

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66
Q

Where is Gerovassiliou located?

A

Epanomi

Macedonia

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67
Q

New Project of Domaine Carras founder

A

Evangelos Garrovassilou started Ktima Gerovassiliou and resurrected the Malagousia grape, in PGI Thessaloniki

68
Q

Tsipouro

A

Greek grappa, preferred fortification tool for sweet wines

69
Q

Styles of znojmo VOC

A 
Czech Republic, Moravia 
White only
Gruner veltliner
Riesling
Sauvignon Blanc 
Max 25 g/l RS
70
Q

Grapes permitted for Retsina

A

savatiano and Roditis

71
Q

Non Aszú aging reqs

A

Min 2 years aging

Min 1 Year Oak

72
Q

Rhodes PDO styles and grapes

A

White (dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet)- 70%+ Athiri plus assyrtiko, malagousia
Rose (dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet)- 70%+ Mandilaria plus mavrothiriki
Red (dry, semi-dry, smh-sweet)- 70%+ Mandilaria plus mavrothiriki
Sparkling (white or rose, all EU sweetness levels)- same as their respective colors above

73
Q

Producers on Santorini

A 
Santo
Boutari
Hatzidakis
Sigalas
Gaia
74
Q

Climate of Amynteo

A 
Continental 
Higher elev (520-720) but moderates by lakes
75
Q

Mezza

A

Sweet red wine from Santorini

Air dried mandilaria

76
Q

Where would you find Red Misket

A

Bulgaria, Rose Valley, Sungulare

White grape, aromatic, not related to muscat

77
Q

Chateau Bela

A

Riesling producer, Egon Muller, Sturovo, Slovakia

78
Q

Style produced in mikulov

A

Czech Republic, Moravia
White and red

Welschriesling 
Riesling 
Palava 
Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris 
Pinot Noir
79
Q

Dominant producer of Rhodes sparkling wines

A

CAIR- unofficial co-op, founded in 1928

80
Q

What are the Regions of Greece?

A 
Thrace
Macedonia
Epirus
Thessalia
Epirus
Central Greece
Peloponnese
Aegean Islands
Ionian Islands
Crete
81
Q

What was Greece’s primary export t Europe in the 1880’s?

A

Raisins (the Peloponnese was the centre of production)

82
Q

Wind of Aegean islands

A

Meltemi

83
Q

Paros PDO styles and grapes

A 
Dry White (100% Monemvassia)
Dry Red (min. 35% Mandilaria, co-ferment with Monemvassia must)
84
Q

“Special Selection” in Bulgaria

A

DGO wines aged at least 2 years

85
Q

Climate of naoussa

A

Continental

86
Q

Greek regions with potential for harvest season rainfall issues?

A

Macedonia and Thrace

87
Q

What are red wines of Santorini released as?

A

More generic PGI of Cyclades

88
Q

Max volume of resin Retsina?

A

.15 to 1.0% of final volume

89
Q

Grapes permitted in Slopes of Meliton

A

White- Roditis, Athiri, Assyrtiko

Red- CS, Lemnio, CF

90
Q

Styles permitted in Slopes of Meliton

A 
Dry White (Roditis, Athiri, Assyrtiko)
Dry Red (CS, CF, Lemnio)
91
Q

Greek term for grappa

A

Tsipouro

92
Q

Preferred fortification medium for Greek dessert wines?

A

Tsipouro- greek grappa

93
Q

Style in modre hory

A 
Czech Republic, Moravia 
Red and rose 
Lemberger
Blauer portugeiser 
St Laurent
94
Q

“Vin Tanar”

A

Romanian

“Young Wine”- bottled before end of harvest year

95
Q

Grapes permitted in Messenikola

A

Mavro messenikola min 70%

Syrah + Carignan max 30%

96
Q

Styles produced in Blatnice

A 
Czech Republic, Moravia 
White only
Riesling 
Chardonnay 
Pinot Blanc 
Pinot Gris
97
Q

Cotinari

A

Sweet wine of Slovenia

98
Q

Aegean Island PDOs

A 
Santorini
Paros
Rhodes
Limnos
Samnos
Muscat of Rhodes
Muscat of Lemnos
Malvasia Paros
99
Q

Candia PDO styles and grapes

A

Dry white (vilana, vidiano, assyrtiko, thrapsarithi, liatiko, athiri plus max 15% combined muscat Spinas and Malvasia do candia

Dry red (kotsifali and mandilaria)

100
Q

PDO’s of Macedonia W->E

A

Amynteo
Naoussa
Goumenissa
Slopes of Meliton

101
Q

Grapes of Goumenissa

A

Xinomavro

Negoska (max 20%)

102
Q

Year tokaji was classified officially

A

1737

103
Q

Styles permitted in Goumenissa

A

Dry Red

104
Q

Production method permitted for Amynteo sparkling wines?

A

Tank or traditional

105
Q

VOCs of Moravia

A 
Blatnice 
Mikulov 
Modre Hory
Palomo 
Znojmo
106
Q

Dafnes PDO styles and grapes

A 
Dry Red (Liatiko)
VDL Red (Liatiko)
VDN Red (Liatiko)
VDN Red Grand Cru (Liatiko)
Liastos Red (Liatiko)
107
Q

5 Major Zones of Bulgaria

A 
Danubian Plain*
Black Sea Region
Struma River Valley
Thracian Lowlands*
Rose Valley
  • = recognized by EU
108
Q

Greek Winery responsible for bringing Emile Peynaud in?

A

Domaine Porto Carras, started in 1970

109
Q

Mountain range of tokaji

A

Zemplen (volcanic)

110
Q

Greek Traditional PGI’s

A

Retsina

Verdea

111
Q

Can sparkling Amynteo be white?

A

No.

Sparkling PDO wine must be rose

112
Q

Kanavas

A

small co-ops or wine producers on the island of Santorini

113
Q

Muscat of Rhodes PDO styles and grapes

A 
Liastos
VDN
VDN Grand Cru
VDL
all from Muscat Aspro
114
Q

“Reserve” in Bulgaria

A

DGO wines aged at least 1 year

115
Q

Malvasia Candia PDO styels and grapes

A

VDN White
Naturally Sweet White

Both are blends of: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiani, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko, plus a max 15% combined Muscat Aspro and Malvasia Candia

116
Q

When did Phylloxera arrive in Greece?

A

1898 (arriving in Macedonia)

117
Q

Red wine only regions of Moravi

A 
Modre Hory
Rose and red
Lemberger
Blauer portugeiser
St Laurent
118
Q

PDO’s of Macedonia

A

Amynteo
Goumenissa
Naoussa
Slopes of Meliton

119
Q

Sweetness Levels of Naoussa

A

Dry Red - <4 g/L
Semi-Dry Red - 4.5-17.5 g/L
Semi-Sweet Red - 17.5 - 45 g/L

120
Q

Term for rose retsina

A

Cocchineli

121
Q

Nychteri

A

grapes harvested before dawn, pressed same day
aged min. three months (often longer)
flor sometimes develops- high in alc and acid

122
Q

Tsipouro

A

Greek term for grappa

123
Q

Santorini PDO styles and grapes

A

Dry White (Assyrtiko (min 75%) plus Athiri, Aidani)
Nychteri
Liastos White
Vin Santo

124
Q

Five brands that led the quality revolution charge in Greece?

A 
Boutari
Achaia Clauss
Kambas
Kourtakis
Tsantli
125
Q

What region was Boutari founded in?

A

Naoussa

126
Q

Styles permitted in Amynteo

A

Sparkling Rose (Dey, Sem-sweet)
Rose
Dry Red

127
Q

Region of slopes of meliton

A

Halkidiki

128
Q

Subzones of Cechy

A

Czech Republic

Melnik
Litomerice

129
Q

Key wine region in Translyvania

A

Tarnave

130
Q

Grapes of Naoussa

A

All Styles 100% Xinomavro

131
Q

Wind of the Aegean Sea

A

Meltemi

132
Q

PDO’s allowing international varieties

A

Slopes of Meliton (1982)

Messenikola (1994)

133
Q

Only Dry Red PDO allowing use of white grapes/ must?

A

Paros (Mandilaria plus monemvassia)

134
Q

Kesoi szuretelesu

A

Late harvest in tokaji
Min alc 9%
No minimum RS

135
Q

Smallest PDO in Greece

A

Rapsani

Thessali

136
Q

PDOs of Thessaly

A

Anchialos
Messenikola
Rapsani

137
Q

Grapes of Rapsani PDO

A

Xinomavro
Stavroto
Krasato

138
Q

Grapes of Messenikola PDO

A 
Mavro Messenikola (70%+)
Syrah + Carignan (max 30%)
139
Q

Anchialos PDO grapes

A

Roditis (80% min)

Savatiano (20% max)

140
Q

Styles permitted in Anchialos

A

Whites only

Dry
Semi-dry
Semi-sweet

141
Q

Cava on a Greek wine label

A

For PGI wines only. Refers to minimum aging.

White/ rose: 1 year total w/ 6 months in oak

Red: 3 years total w/ 12 months in oak

142
Q

Grand Reserve on Greek wine label

A

PDO wines only

Indicates min aging:

White: 2 years aging, with min. 1 year in oak, 6 months in oak

Red: 4 years aging, 18 months in oak, 18 months in bottle

143
Q

Grand on a Greek wine label

A

Same as Grand Reserve

PDO wines only. Min aging designation

White: 2 years, w/ 1 year in oak, 6 months in bottle

Red: 4 years, w/ 18 months in oak, 18 months in bottle

144
Q

Reserve on Greek wine labels

A

PDO wines only

Min aging requirements

White: 12 months, w/ 6 months oak, 3 months bottle

Red: 2 years, 12 months oak, 6 months bottle

145
Q

Paleomenos se vareli on Greek wine label

A

For PDO, PGI, Cava-labeled varietal wines.

Indicates additional oak aging beyond minimum

146
Q

Top boutique producer of Peloponnese

A

Domaine Mercouri

147
Q

PDOs of Peloponnese

A 
Mantinia 
Nemea 
Patras
Mavrodaphne of Patras 
Monemvasia-Malvasia
Muscat of Patras
Muscat of Rio Patras
148
Q

Dry PDOs of Peloponnese

A

Mantinia- dry and sparkling white
Patras- dry white
Nemea- dry red (sweets are also permitted)

149
Q

Mantinia PDO

A

Peloponnese
Dry white or skin contact vin Gris
Sparkling white (all sweetness levels)
85%+ moschofilero, plus asproudes

150
Q

Nemea PDO

A 
Peloponnese 
Dry reds
Semi- sweet reds
Vin doux 
VDN
Sweet dried grape wines
100% agiorgitiko
151
Q

Different sweet wine styles of Greece

A

Semi-sweet red wine: stopped fermentation or back-sweetened with must

Vin Doux: mistelle, fortified before fermentation starts

Vin Doux Naturel: fortifies during ferment, classic VDN style a la port

Sweet dried grape wine: late harvest/ sun dried grapes used as base of wine

152
Q

Patras PDO

A 
Peloponnese 
Dry white
Semi-dry White
Semi-sweet White 
100% roditis
153
Q

Sweetness levels in Greek still wines

A

Dry: max 4 g/l
Semi-Dry: 4.5 -17.5 g/l
Semi sweet: 12-45 g/l
Sweet: 45+ g/l

154
Q

Mavdrophne of Patras

A

Peloponnese
Natural sweet red wines: dried grape VDL
Sweet Red Wine: VDL from non dried grapes with addition of must

Mavrodaphne and max 49% Mavri Korinthiaki

155
Q

Largest PDO of Greece by landmass

A

Patras (Peloponnese)

156
Q

Climate of Peloponnese

A

Continental in central region

Hot Mediterranean at edges

157
Q

Region of Greece with most extensive plantings

A

Peloponnese

Especially the NE section- Corinth, Achaia, Arcadia

158
Q

Major PGI regions of Peloponnese

A

Corinth, Achaia, Arcadia

All located in northeast

159
Q

Producers credited with modernizing Nemea style

A

Skouras (In 1980’s)

Gaia (in 1990’s)

160
Q

Skouras bottling of agiorgitiko and Cabernet

A

Megas Oenos

161
Q

Megas Oenos

A

First modern bottling of Nemea

1980’s by Skouras
Blended with Cabernet
New limousine oak

162
Q

Traditional style vs modern for Nemea

A

Traditional- light and fruity red, maybe carbonic

Modern- richer, maybe lots of oak, popularized by Skouras and Gaia, blended with Cabernet

163
Q

Zones of Nemea

What defines them and what are their main productions focus?

A

Low: 200-450 m generally hot and used for dessert wines

Mid: 450-650 m with poor soils and noticeably cooler

Upper: 650-850 m much cooler, generally for rosé production

164
Q

Most famous “cru” of Nemea

A

Koutsi

Lots of limestone
~650 m
Headquarters of Gai

165
Q

Main “crus” of Naoussa

A

Trifolo
Fytia
Ramnista

166
Q

Geographic features of Mantinia PDO

A 
Located in Arcadia central Peloponnese 
Avg 750m elevation on high plateau
Clay and rocky soils with iron
Ringed by mountains
Snow is common and climate is cooler and less reliably warm than most of Greece
167
Q

Most coming blending component for Mantinia PDO

A

Glikerithra

But In practice most wines are varietal moschofilero

MC_Master Sommelier (30 decks)

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