Grapes and wines from Greece

Question 1

Describe the climate of Greece and associated features, and grape varieties

Answer 1

Hot Mediterranean climate
In Summer, temperatures can reach well over 30oC
Coastal areas can be moderated by the sea
Altitude is a cooling factor
Wind can be cooling but is strong enough to destroy unprotected vines in the islands to the south-east, but also have a cooling effect
Rainfall levels vary, but water stress occurs with the almost complete lack of rain during the growing season. Drought is a concern on the eastern side of Greece, which lies in the shadow of the mountains. Little water for irrigation.
Greek grape varieties are well adapted to survive in arid, hot conditions.

Question 2

Describe the vineyard layout of Naoussa PDO

Answer 2

High altitudes, up to 400m (cooler than surrounding area)

Question 3

Describe a typical Naoussa PDO wine

Answer 3

PDO is exclusively for Xinomavro
Often compared to Nebbiolo: high tannin and acidity, medium colour quickly fades to tawny, lack fresh fruit aromas in youth
Long-lived, can develop complex spice and earthy aromas with age.
New winemaking practices: different styles, some more deeply coloured and less tannic, some aged in new oak

Question 4

Describe the vineyard layout of Nemea PDO

Answer 4

Spread over wide range of altitudes 230-900m, mid-range produces best wines. Hotter slopes produce jammy flavours, wines for early consumption. Higher slopes have higher acidity, less fine tannins, better suited for rose (can add freshness to a blend too)
PDO is exclusively for Agiorgitiko
Best wines have deep ruby colour with high levels of smooth tannins, low to medium acidity, sweet spice and red fruit flavours. Great affinity for new oak, age well.

Question 5

Describe vineyard layout of Santorini PDO

Answer 5

Windswept volcanic island: permanent wood of the vine is trained very low into a basket shape, fruit grows on the inside.
PDO covers red and white wines in dry and sweet styles
Assyrtiko has highest reputation
Dry Assyrtiko: perfumed aromas, concentrated flavours of ripe citrus and stone fruit, balanced by naturally high acidity
Sweet wines known as Vinsanto: Late-harvested grapes, sun-dried for up to 14 days. Aged in old oak barrels for 2 years minimum, many producers age wine for far longer. Luscious sweetness balanced by high acidity. Older wines show a marked oxidative character of caramel and nuts

Question 6

What is the PDO for Greece?

Answer 6

Follows other EU countries. Exported wines use PDO label, or Appellation d’origine de qualité supérieure (subcategory in PDO).
Domestically, PDO is Prostatevomeni Onomasia Proelefsis