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Bacteriology > Gram Positive Cocci > Flashcards

Gram Positive Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

Test to separate Staphylococcus & Micrococcus from Streptococcus

A

Catalase Test
* Catalase Positive: Staphylococcus, Micrococcus;
* Catase Negative: Streptococcus

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2
Q

In tetrads

A

Micrococcus

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3
Q

Grapelike in clusters

A

Staphylococci

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4
Q

Identification of Staphlococci

  • Arrangement:
  • O2 Requirement:
  • Hemolysis:
  • Glucose utilization:
  • Bacitracin:
  • Furazolidone:
  • Lysostaphin
  • Microdase:
  • Catase:
  • Coagulase:
  • DNAse:
A
  • Arrangement: Grape-like clusters
  • O2 Requirement: Facultative anaerobe
  • Hemolysis: Beta-hemolytic
  • Glucose utilization: Fermentation
  • Bacitracin: Resistant
  • Furazolidone: Susceptible
  • Lysostaphin Susceptible
  • Microdase: Negative
  • Catalase: Positive
  • Coagulase: Positive
  • DNAse: Positive
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5
Q

Test to differentiate S. aureus from other Staphylococci spp.

A

Coagulase Test
* Coagulase Positive: S. aureus
* Coagulase Negative: S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus

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6
Q

Used in Coagglutination test which it binds to the Fc portion of IgG

A

Protein A (Cowan 1 strain)

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7
Q

Clumping factor

A

Bound coagulase - detected in Slide Coagulase test

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8
Q

Coagulase Reacting Factor

A

Free coagulase - detected in Tube coagulase test

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9
Q

Spreading Factor/Duran Reynal Factor

A

Hyaluronidase factor

causes Osteomyelitis (#1 common cause - S. aureus)

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10
Q

Fibrinolysin

A

Staphylokinase

dissolves fibrin clot

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11
Q

Leukocidin

A

Panton Valentine Leukocidin

lysis of neutrophils and macrophages

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12
Q

Infection caused by Exfoliatins/Epidermolytic toxin

A

Scalded Skin Syndrome

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13
Q

Generalized form of Scalded Skin Syndrome

A

Ritter’s disease

<90% of the Body is affected

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14
Q

Localized form of Scalded skin syndrome

A

Pemphygus neonatorum

Milder with few blisters

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15
Q

Toxin causing Food Poisoning

A

Enterotoxin A & B

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16
Q

Toxin causing Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1)

A

Enterotoxin F

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17
Q

Commonly associated case of TSS

A

Menstruating women using TAMPONS

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18
Q

Infection caused by S. epidermidis

A

Endocarditis after prosthetic-heart valve insertion
IV catheters by BIOFILM production

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19
Q

Infection caused by S. saprophyticus

A

UTI in sexually active young females
Honeymoon cystitis

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20
Q

Differential test of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CONS)

A

Novobiocin
* Novobiocin Susceptible: S. epidermidis
* Novobiocin Resistant: S. saprophyticus

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21
Q

Coagulase Positive in Tube Test

A

S. aureus
S. intermedius

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22
Q

Test to differentiate S. aureus from S. intermedius

A

Acetoin (VP) Test

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23
Q

Rapidly differentiate micrococci from staphylococci

A

Microdase Test

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24
Q

Streptococcus Classification based on Antigenic determinant

A

Lancefield Classification

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25
Q

Streptococcus Classification based on Hemolysis

A

Brown and Smith Classification

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26
Q

Streptococcus Classification based on Temperature

A

Academic or Bergey’s Classification

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27
Q

Streptococcus Colonies on BAP

A

Pinpoint colonies

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28
Q

Staphylococcus colonies on BAP

A

Pinhead colonies

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29
Q

Differentiate Streptococcus

A

Hemolysis Pattern

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30
Q

Group A Streptococci

A

S. pyogenes

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31
Q

Group B Streptococci

A

S. agalactiae

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32
Q

Group C streptococci

A

S. eqeuisimilis
S. aqeusimus
S. dysagalactiae

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33
Q

Group D

A

Enterococcus

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34
Q

Strep causing Beta-hemolysis

A

S. pyogenes (GAS)
S. agalactiae (GBS)

35
Q

Strep causing Alpha-hemolysis

A

S. pneumoniae
Viridans group

36
Q

Strep causing Gamma hemolysis

A

Enterococci

37
Q

Anti-phagocytic cell wall of S. pyogenes

A

M protein

38
Q

Streptolysin O

A

Oxygen labile - will produce hemolysis only in the absence of O2
Antigenic

Responsible for subsurface hemolysis and increase in anaerobic

39
Q

Streptolysin S

A

Oxygen stable
Non-antigenic

Responsible for surface hemolysisi and increased aerobically

40
Q

Responsible for
the beta-hemolytic pattern

A

Streptolysin

41
Q

Toxin causing Scarlet fever

A

Exotoxin A - Erythrogenic toxin/Pyrogenic toxin

42
Q

Toxin causing Necrotizing Fascitis

Supparative Fascitis, Hospital gangrene, Necrotizing Erysipelas

A

Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin (SPE)

43
Q

Flesh eating bacteria

A

S. pyogenes

44
Q

Causes ERYSIPELAS

A

S. pyogenes

45
Q

Finding - Strawbery Tongue

A

Scarlet Fever

46
Q

S. pyogenes important sequelae

A

PSGN
Rheumatoid fever

Type III Hypersensitivity reaction

47
Q

Susceptibility test for Scarlet fever

Screening test

A

Dick’s Test

48
Q

Diagnostic Test for current scarlet fever

A

Schultz charlton

49
Q

Major cause of Neonatal meningitis

A

S. agalactiae

50
Q

CAMP Factor

A

Enhances hemolysis of S. aureus

51
Q

Differentiate Group A from Group B Streptococci

A

Bacitracin Test
* Suscpetible - Group A
* Resistant - Group B

mnemonics: BR AS

52
Q

Hemolytic pattern of S. agalactiae in CAMP test

A

Arrowhead zone of Hemolysis

53
Q

Identification of Group A - S. pyogenes

  • Bacitracin:
  • SXT:
  • PYR Test:
  • CAMP Test:
  • Hippurate Test:
A
  • Bacitracin: Susceptible
  • SXT: Resistant
  • PYR Test: Positive
  • CAMP Test: No enhanced hemolysis
  • Hippurate Test: Negative
54
Q

Identification of Group B - S. agalactiae

  • Bacitracin:
  • SXT:
  • PYR Test:
  • CAMP Test:
  • Hippurate Test:
  • Bile Esculin:
  • Growth in 6.5%:
A
  • Bacitracin: Resistant
  • SXT: Resistant
  • PYR Test: Negative
  • CAMP Test: Arrowhead hemolysis
  • Hippurate Test: Positive
  • Bile Esculin: Negative
  • Growth in 6.5%: Positive
55
Q

Identifies Group B Streptococci

A

CAMP test
Hippurate hydrolysis

56
Q

Bacitracin Disk

A

Taxo A with 0.04 units

ZOI: 10 mm

57
Q

Negative CAMP Test

A

Negative: No enhancement of hemolysis

58
Q

End products of hydrolysis of hippuric acid

A

Glycine
Benzoic acid

59
Q

Positive test of Hippurate hydrolysis

A

Deep Purple

60
Q

Color developer in PYR test

A

p-dimethylcinnamaldehyde

61
Q

Medium for isolation of S. agalactiae

A

Todd Hewitt Broth

62
Q

S. pneumoniae in Gram stain

A

Lancet shaped/Bullet shaped, Encapsulated

63
Q

Young colonies of S. pneumoniae

A

Dome shaped

64
Q

Old colonies of S. pneumoniae

A

Coin with a raised rim

65
Q

Pneumonia associated to S. pneumoniae

A

Lobar Pneumonia

with Rusty colored Sputum/Anchovy sause

66
Q

Major cause of Otitis Media

A

S. pneumoniae

67
Q

Identification of S. pneumoniae

  • Optochin:
  • Bile Solubility:
  • Inulin Fermentation:
  • Animal inoculation:
  • Neufeld quellung’s test:
A
  • Optochin: Susceptible
  • Bile Solubility: Soluble
  • Inulin Fermentation: Positive
  • Animal inoculation: Positive
  • Neufeld quellung’s test: Capsulaw swelling
68
Q

Skin Test of S. pneumoniae

A

Frances Test

69
Q

Viridans group causing Sub-acute bacterial endocarditis

A

S. sanguinis

70
Q

Viridans causing Bacterial Endocarditis

A

S. mitis

71
Q

Viridans causing Dental caries

A

S. mutans

Oral streptococci

72
Q

Identification of Viridans Streptococci

  • Optochin:
  • Bile Solubility:
  • Growth in 6.5% NaCl:
  • Bile esculin:
  • Inulin Fermentation:
  • Animal inoculation:
  • Neufeld quellung’s test:
A
  • Optochin: Resistant
  • Bile Solubility: Insoluble
  • Growth in 6.5% NaCl: Positive
  • Bile esculin: Negative
  • Inulin Fermentation: Negative
  • Animal inoculation: Negative
  • Neufeld quellung’s test: Negative
73
Q

Differentiates S. pneumoniae from Viridans

A

Optochin Test

Presumptive test

74
Q

Optochin Disk

A

Taxo P

75
Q

Reagent in Optochin test

A

Ethylhydrocupreine HCl

76
Q

Identification (confirm) of S. pneumoniae

A

Bile solubility

77
Q

Presumptively identify Group D Streptococci and Differentiate Group D from Non-Group D Viridans Streptococci

A

Bile Esculin Test

78
Q

Vancomycin Resistant

A

Group D Enterococci

79
Q

Bacteria causing COLON cancer

A

S. bovis

80
Q

Growth Factor of E. faecalis

A

Vitamin B12

81
Q

Nutritionally Variant Streptococci

A

Abiothrophia

82
Q

Growth factors of Abiothrophia

A

Vitamin B6
Pyridoxal
Thiol

83
Q

Exhibit sattelitism in S. aureus

A

Abiothrophia

84
Q

Differentiates S. bovis from S. salivarius

A

Starch hydrolysis
Mannitol fermentation

Bacteriology (24 decks)

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