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Micro CCMLS > Gram Positive Cocci > Flashcards

Gram Positive Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

Staph common infections

A

wound (boils, carbunles, impetigo)
septicemia
UTI
pneumonia

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2
Q

Staph virulence factors

A

toxins (enterotoxins, toxic shock syn., exfoliative toxin, cytolytic toxin)
enzymes (coagulase, protease, hyaluronidase, lipase)
Protein A (interferes w/ opsonization by binding Fc or immunoglobins)

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3
Q

complications of Staph aureus toxins

A

enterotoxin A & B- food poisoning
Toxin 1- toxic shock syn., Super Antigen, and Cytokine release (IL-1, 2, 6; TNF)
exfoliative toxin- scalded skin syn. (infants)

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4
Q

Toxic shock syn.

A

high fever, hypotension, shock, rash

TSST-1 (acts on vascular sys. causing inflam., fever, shock)``

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5
Q

Staph. aureus identifying features

A 
catalase +
uniform in size
coagulase positive
beta hemolytic
ferments mannitol
creamy buttery colony
DNAse +
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6
Q

other coagulase negative Staph

A

S. epidermidis (UTI)
S. haemolyticus (wounds, UTI, endocarditis)
S. saphrophyticus (UTI)
S. lugdunensis (endocarditis, meningitis, joint infec., surgical wound infec.)
S. warneri/ S. capitis/S. simulans/S. schleiferi (endocarditis, wound infec., septicemia)

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7
Q

Staph key test

A 
catalase test (+ bubbles)
glucose fermentation (+ yellow)
Staph aureus vs. CNS= coagulase test
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8
Q

Micrococcus

A 
GPC in tetrads
M. luteus bright yellow-orange
oxidase +
bacitracin S
furazolindone R
lysostaphin R
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9
Q

Streptococcus grouping

A

Lancefield: ABCDFG

non-lancefield: viridans, pneumoniae

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10
Q

GAS (group a strep)

A 
chains or pairs; very tiny
S. pyogenes
capsule
beta hemolytic
bacitracin A: S
pharyngitis, impetigo, pneumonia, wound infec.
PYR +
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11
Q

GBS (group b strep) characteristics

A 
chains, pairs
S. agalactiae
beta hemolytic
neonatal meningitis
CAMP test + (arrow head hemolysis)
Na hippurate +
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12
Q

Group C, F, G strep

A

C, G beta hemolytic
C, G cause human disease
pharyngitis
normal oral, GI and vaginal flora

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13
Q

group D strep & Enterococcus

A

D carbo in wall
grp D: bile esculin + , no growth 6.5%NaCl, PYR -
Entero: bile esculin +, grow in 6.5% NaCl, PYR +
alpha/gamma hemolysis

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14
Q

Step pneumoniae

A 
GPC pairs, lancet shaped
capsule
alpha hemolytic
optochin S
Na deoxycholate +
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15
Q

viridans Strep

A

oral, vaginal, GI normal flora
endocarditis, meningitis, dental caries
6 grps
small cocci may b in chains

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16
Q

other strep like orgainisms

A

Aerococcus, Gemella, Leuconostoc
rarely cause infec.
facultative anaerobes
A. viridans & A. urinae clusters and tetrads
viridans alpha hemo., PYR +, LAP -
urinae alpha hemo., PYR -, LAP +
Gemella catalase -, PYR -, LAP +, vancomycin R

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17
Q

S. epidermidis

A

Normal skin flora

Path: community acquired infec/contamination, prostectic valve endocarditis, septicemia in immonocompromised

18
Q

S. saprophyticus causes…

A

UTIs

19
Q

S. lugdensis

A

Community/hospital acquired infec.
Most virulent contain mecA gene which codes oxacillin resistance
Endocarditis has high mortality rate

20
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin resistant staph aureus

Resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, and nafacilin

21
Q

CA-MRSA

A

Community associated methicillin resistant staph aureus

22
Q

VRSA

A

Vancomycin resistant staph aureus

23
Q

Streptococcaceae

A

Streptococcus and Enterococcus
Negative catalase
Aerotolerant anaerobes
Capnoplilic

24
Q

Capnophilic

A

Require increased CO2 to grow

25
Q

Strep etc. Exotoxins

A

Hemolysins alpha and beta

26
Q

Pyogenic Strep

A 
(pus forming)
S. pyogenes
S. agalctaie
S. dysgalactaie subsp. equisimilis
S. anginosus
27
Q

GAS infections

A 
Bacterial pharyngitis
Impetigo, cellulitis, scarlet fever
Necrotizing fasciitis
Toxic shock syndrome 
Post streptococcal sequelae
28
Q

Complications of GAS

A

Rheumatic fever

Acute glomerulonephritis

29
Q

Strep agalctiae

A

GBS
Capsule
GBS disease

30
Q

GBS disease

A

Neonatal
Early onset: under 7 days old- vertical transmission, 80% of cases, mortality rate high
Late onset: 1wk-3mons after birth, meningitis, not usually vertical transmission

31
Q

Group c and d strep

A

Beta hemolytic
S. dysgalactaie subsp equisimilis (large colony)
S. anginosus (small colony)
S. equi subsp zooepidemicus (rare in humans- animal pathogen)

32
Q

S. pneumoniae infections

A

Pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media in kids <3, bacteremia, meningitis
Spread through respiratory droplets
Secondary infec.

33
Q

S. pneumoniae vaccine

A 
Pneumococcal vaccine (pcv): 13 serotypes used- polysaccharides conj. to diltheria {children starting at 2 mons}
PPSV23- 23 polysaccharides {adults 65+}
34
Q

S. pneumoniae morphology

A 
gpc in pairs
More oval lancet shaped
Checked shaped colonies on plates
Alpha hemolytic
Auto lyses so hard to keep alive
Optochin (S) & bile solubility (+) key tests
35
Q

S. agalctiae morphology

A

Greyish white colonies on plates
Beta hemolytic
CAMP and hippurate useful tests

36
Q

S. pyogenes morphology

A

Small transparent colonies
Beta hemolytic
GPC in short chains
Bacitracin (S) and PYR (+) key tests

37
Q

Viridians Streptococci

A 
Normal Flora of resp.tract/female genital tract/GI tract 
S. mitis grp
S. mutans grp
S. salivarius grp
S. bovis grp
S. anginosus grp
38
Q

Viridans Streptococci morphology

A

Viridans (green)- alpha hemolytic mostly
Fastidious
Pyr (-), lap (+) key tests
Look like strep on plates

39
Q

Enterococcus

A

Normal Flora intestinal tract
E. faecalis
E. faecium

40
Q

Enterococcus infection

A

Noscomial infections:
UTI
Bacteremia

41
Q

VRE

A

Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus Resistance to aminoglycosides, beta lactams, glycopeptides, vancomycin

42
Q

Aerococcus

A

Airborne, opportunistic

Bacteremia, UTI in immunocompromised

Micro CCMLS (12 decks)

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