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Micro CCMLS > Anaerobes > Flashcards

Anaerobes Flashcards

1
Q

facultative anaerobes can grown both aerobically and anaerobically
true or false

A

true

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2
Q

strict obligate anaerobes cannot tolerate more than what percentage of oxygen

A

0.5%

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3
Q

what is toxic to obligate anaerobes?

A

oxygen and it’s derivatives

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4
Q

aerotolerant anaerobes grow poorly in what environment? They grow well in what environment?

A

ambient air (21% O2)
anaerobic conditions

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5
Q

gram positive bacilli spore formers (anaerobic)

A

Clostridium botulinum
C. difficile
C. perfringes
C. septicum
C. tetani

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6
Q

gram positive bacilli non spore formers (anaerobic)

A

Actinomyces israelii
Bifidobacterium
Eubacterium lentum
Lactobacillus
Cutibacterium (Propionibacerium) acnes
Cutibacterium (Propionibacerium) propionicus

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7
Q

gram negative bacilli (anaerobes)

A

Bacteriodes fragilis grp
Campylobacter ureolyticus
Fusobacterium mortiferum
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Porphyromonas
Prevotella

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8
Q

gram positive cocci (anaerobes)

A

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus

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9
Q

all spore forming anaerobic bacteria are in what genus?

A

Clostridium

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10
Q

exogenous diseases

A

caused by organisms/ toxins/ spores outside the body
enter through ingestion/ trauma

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11
Q

endogenous diseases

A

infections caused by hosts normal flora

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12
Q

clues of anaerobic infection

A

infection near mucosal surface
foul smelling discharge
necrotic tissue
black exudates that fluoresce red w/ UV light

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13
Q

most common anaerobic bacteria that cause infection

A

Bacteriodes fragilis
pigmented Prevotella
Porphyromonas
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Clostridium perfringens
anaerobic cocci

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14
Q

anaerobic specimen collection- good ones

A

sterile body fluids (CSF, blood, BM, synovial, ascitic)
tissue biopsies
trans tracheal aspirates
aspirated exudates from deep absecess
super pubic aspirates

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15
Q

anaerobic specimen collection- bad ones

A

swabs
stool
exudates from superficial wounds
respiratory samples
vaginal, cervical, urethra

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16
Q

the absence of leukocytes in a gram stain of anaerobe rules out an anaerobic infection
true or false?

A

false- some anaerobic bacteria produce necrotizing toxins that destroy leukocytes so they may not be present on the smear

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17
Q

anaerobic media- brucella blood agar

A

supports growth of almost all obligate and facultative anaerobes when incubated anaerobically

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18
Q

anaerobic media- BBE agar

A

bacteriodes bile esculin agar
selective and differential
used to isolate and ID Bacteriodes fragilis grp

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19
Q

BBE agar components

A

gentamicin (inhibits facultative)
bile (inhibits most anaerobic)
esculin (turns brown to black when hydrolyzed)

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20
Q

anaerobic media- KVLB

A

kanamycin-vancomycin- laked blood agar
supports growth of Bacteriodes and Prevotella

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21
Q

KVLB components

A

kanamycin inhibits GNR
vancomycin inhib. GP
laked blood encourages Prevotella to produce brown/black piment

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22
Q

anaerobic media- PEA agar

A

supports growth of nearly all obligate anaerobes (GP & GN) and GP facultative anaerobes when incubated anaerobically

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23
Q

anaerobic media- thioglycolate broth

A

non selective broth
contains reducing substances (thio, cysteine, sodium sulfite) and agar which limits O2 circulation from top of tube

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24
Q

anaerobic media- chopped meat/ cooked meat broth

A

enriched media that supports growth of most anaerobes

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25
Q

aerotolerance testing

A

determines if isolate can grow aerobically, anaerobically, or both\
CHOC- aerobic incubation
ANABA- anaerobic incubation

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26
Q

which anaerobic bacteria will grow in 20% bile?

A

Bacteroides fragilis

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27
Q

catalase test for anaerobic bacteria

A

uses 15% H2O2

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28
Q

Lecithinase test

A

tests ability of organism to degrade lecithin to insoluble diglycerides
inoculate EYA 24-72 hrs anaerobically
positive is white opaque zone in agar surround growth
id’s Clostridium

29
Q

lipase

A

tests ability of organism to degrade triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids
inoculate EYA incubate 1-7 days
positive is pearly iridescent sheen on agar surface on growth (“oil on water”)

30
Q

reverse CAMP test

A

organism in question is streaked down center of plate and GBS streaked perpendicular to test organism; incubated anaerobically 24-48 hrs.; positive is arrowhead shaped zone of enhanced hemolysis
alpha toxin in Clostridium perfringes works w/ beta hem. GBS

31
Q

Clostridium vs. Bacillus

A

both: produce spores; GPB
Clostridium: catalase =; anaerobic
Bacillus: catalase +; aerobic

32
Q

Clostridium perfringens infections

A

bacteremia
cellulitis
intra-abdominal abscesses
female genital tract infec
gas gangrene
food poisioning

33
Q

Clostridium perfringens identification

A

GPB boxcar shaped
sometimes has spores
ANABA double zone of hem.
lecithinase positive
reverse CAMP positive
boxcar GPB anaerobic double zone hem on ANABA presumptive ID

34
Q

Clostridioides difficile infections

A

antibiotic associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis
30% neonates
3-5% healthy adults

35
Q

Clostridium perfringens double zone hemolysis toxins

A

smaller zone (complete): theta-toxin (heat and labile toxin)
outer zone (partial): phospholipase C- an alpha toxin responsible for lecithinase + on EYA

36
Q

C. difficile identification

A

GPB straight chains
spores- oval, subterminal, swelling of cells
CCFA media presumptive ID of C. difficile
smell like horse manure
fluoresce chartreuse

37
Q

Clostridioides difficile toxins

A

toxin a
toxin b
tests done on toxins for ID

38
Q

toxin B of C. difficile cytotoxicity test

A

toxin b present will cause cytopathic effect in human fibroblast tissue cultures
antitoxin added to test system prevents this effect (neutralizes action of toxin)

39
Q

Clostridium botulinum infections

A

botulism (neurotoxins that cause descending flaccid paralysis)

40
Q

Clostridium botulinum identification

A

hard to culture- may need to send off
specimens to send: stools, food items, serum, wound material

41
Q

Clostridium septicum infection

A

muscle necrosis
bacteremia
leukemia/ lymphoma/ large bowel carcinoma

42
Q

Clostridium septicum identification

A

ANABA: gray glossy translucent; beta hem w/ rhizod margin “medusa head”
GS: GP & GN with age
lecithin =
lipase =
indole=
esculin+

43
Q

Clostridium tetani infections

A

tetanus (lockjaw)
produces neurotoxin- tetanospasmin- that causes muscle spasms

44
Q

C. tetani identification

A

present in mixed cultures in wounds
difficult to grow
swarming colony
GS: terminal spores

45
Q

Clostridium sordellii infections

A

gas gangrene
myonecrosis
(IV drug abuse black tar heroin)
7 exotoxins: lethal toxin and hemorrhagic toxin are most virulent

46
Q

Clostridium sordellii identification

A

GS: subterminal/free spores
translucent- opaque w/ mottled internal
spread over agar
lecithinase +
lipase=
indole +
urea+

47
Q

Actinomyces infections

A

A. israelii opportunistic pathogen affects head, neck, chest, abdomen
IUDs
lesions are suppurative and form draining sinus tracts
pus can have sulfur granules

48
Q

Actinomyces identification

A

GS: straight/ curved GPR or filaments with true branching
modified acid fast- partial acid fast =
spiderlike/ wooly/ molar tooth apperance
red, pink, tan, yellow, gray
nitrate +
catalase =

49
Q

Cutibacterium spp. infections

A

opportunistic- normal skin flora
skin
conjunctiva
bone
joints
cns
assoc. w/ surgical procedures or foreign bodies

50
Q

Cutibacterium identification

A

C. acnes: GS- diphtheroid/ club; chinese letter
catalase +
indole +
GP anaerobic diphtheroid catalase + indole + presumptive ID

51
Q

Eggerthella (Eubacterium) infections

A

normal mouth & intestinal tract flora
not a usual pathogen but Eggerthella lenta most commonly isolated from clinical specimens

52
Q

Eggerthella identification

A

pleomorphic GPB in pairs/ clumps
small circular translucent
biochemically inert
catalase=
indole=
nitrate=
E. lenta nitrate+

53
Q

Bifidobacterium infections

A

opportunistic pathogen
mouth and intestinal tract

54
Q

Bifidobacterium identification

A

GPB variable from coccobacilli to branching rods
catalase =
indole=
nitrate=
esculin+

55
Q

Anaerobic gram positive cocci generas

A

Anaerococcus
Atopobium
Coprococcus
Finegoldia
Gemella
Parvimonas
Peptococcus
Peptoniphilus
Peptostreptococcus

56
Q

3 most common clinical anaerobic GPC species

A

Finegoldia magna
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
Parvimonas micra

57
Q

anaerobic GPC that is indole+ and SPS resistant can be presumptively ID’d as…

A

Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus

58
Q

Most common clinical GNB anaerobic bacteria genera

A

Bacteriodes
Prevotella
Porphyromonas
Fusobacterium

59
Q

Bacteriodes fragilis identification

A

more resistant to antimicrobial agents
GS: GNR pleomorphic
resistant to kanamycin, vancomycin, colistin, and bile (20%)
growth stimulated by bile (BBE agar) turn medium brown or black due to esculin hydrolysis

60
Q

Campylobacter ureolyticus identification

A

thin GNR with rounded ends
may pit the agar
kanamycin, colistin, bile susceptible
vancomycin resistant
catalase=
indole=
nitrate+

61
Q

Prevotella identification

A

may be pigmented (enhanced on KVLB; fluoresce red)
coccobacilli/ pleomorphic rods
grow on KVLB but not BBE
resistant to kanamycin, vancomycin
bile susceptible
non pibmented fluoresce pink orange or chartreuse
must be id’d by biochemical tests

62
Q

Porphyromonas identification

A

fastidious
require hemin and vit K for growth
prod brown/black pigmented colonies
fluoresce red
kanamycin, colistin resistant
bile susceptible
indole +
not grow on KVLB

63
Q

Fusobacterium identification

A

GNR
rancid odor (prod. butyric acid)
susceptible to kanamycin, colistin
resistant to vancomycin
nitrate=
catalase=

64
Q

Fusobacterium nucleatum detection

A

most commonly isolated species
thin fusiform GNR
bread crumb like colony, smooth ground glass/ speckled
fluoresces chartreuse
susceptible to bile
indole+
lipase=

65
Q

Fusobacterium necrophorum identification

A

pleomorphic GNR- globular and swollen and bizarre shapes
fluoresce chartreuse
indole +
bile susceptible
lipase+

66
Q

Fusobacterium mortiferum identification

A

pleomorphic globular swelling bizarre forms

67
Q

Veillonella spp. identification

A

anaerobic GNC (only one)
reduce nitrate
fluroesce red
inhibited by bile, kanamycin, colistin
vancomycin resistant

68
Q

AST for anaerobic bacteria- 2 tests approved by CLSI

A

agar dilution
broth microdilution panels

69
Q

Finegoldia magna

A

Gpc
Vancomycin s
kanamycin v
Colistin r

Micro CCMLS (12 decks)

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