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Anaerobes Flashcards

1
Q

facultative anaerobes can grown both aerobically and anaerobically
true or false

A

true

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2
Q

strict obligate anaerobes cannot tolerate more than what percentage of oxygen

A

0.5%

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3
Q

what is toxic to obligate anaerobes?

A

oxygen and it’s derivatives

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4
Q

aerotolerant anaerobes grow poorly in what environment? They grow well in what environment?

A

ambient air (21% O2)
anaerobic conditions

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5
Q

gram positive bacilli spore formers (anaerobic)

A

Clostridium botulinum
C. difficile
C. perfringes
C. septicum
C. tetani

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6
Q

gram positive bacilli non spore formers (anaerobic)

A

Actinomyces israelii
Bifidobacterium
Eubacterium lentum
Lactobacillus
Cutibacterium (Propionibacerium) acnes
Cutibacterium (Propionibacerium) propionicus

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7
Q

gram negative bacilli (anaerobes)

A

Bacteriodes fragilis grp
Campylobacter ureolyticus
Fusobacterium mortiferum
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Porphyromonas
Prevotella

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8
Q

gram positive cocci (anaerobes)

A

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus

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9
Q

all spore forming anaerobic bacteria are in what genus?

A

Clostridium

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10
Q

exogenous diseases

A

caused by organisms/ toxins/ spores outside the body
enter through ingestion/ trauma

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11
Q

endogenous diseases

A

infections caused by hosts normal flora

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12
Q

clues of anaerobic infection

A

infection near mucosal surface
foul smelling discharge
necrotic tissue
black exudates that fluoresce red w/ UV light

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13
Q

most common anaerobic bacteria that cause infection

A

Bacteriodes fragilis
pigmented Prevotella
Porphyromonas
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Clostridium perfringens
anaerobic cocci

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14
Q

anaerobic specimen collection- good ones

A

sterile body fluids (CSF, blood, BM, synovial, ascitic)
tissue biopsies
trans tracheal aspirates
aspirated exudates from deep absecess
super pubic aspirates

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15
Q

anaerobic specimen collection- bad ones

A

swabs
stool
exudates from superficial wounds
respiratory samples
vaginal, cervical, urethra

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16
Q

the absence of leukocytes in a gram stain of anaerobe rules out an anaerobic infection
true or false?

A

false- some anaerobic bacteria produce necrotizing toxins that destroy leukocytes so they may not be present on the smear

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17
Q

anaerobic media- brucella blood agar

A

supports growth of almost all obligate and facultative anaerobes when incubated anaerobically

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18
Q

anaerobic media- BBE agar

A

bacteriodes bile esculin agar
selective and differential
used to isolate and ID Bacteriodes fragilis grp

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19
Q

BBE agar components

A

gentamicin (inhibits facultative)
bile (inhibits most anaerobic)
esculin (turns brown to black when hydrolyzed)

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20
Q

anaerobic media- KVLB

A

kanamycin-vancomycin- laked blood agar
supports growth of Bacteriodes and Prevotella

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21
Q

KVLB components

A

kanamycin inhibits GNR
vancomycin inhib. GP
laked blood encourages Prevotella to produce brown/black piment

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22
Q

anaerobic media- PEA agar

A

supports growth of nearly all obligate anaerobes (GP & GN) and GP facultative anaerobes when incubated anaerobically

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23
Q

anaerobic media- thioglycolate broth

A

non selective broth
contains reducing substances (thio, cysteine, sodium sulfite) and agar which limits O2 circulation from top of tube

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24
Q

anaerobic media- chopped meat/ cooked meat broth

A

enriched media that supports growth of most anaerobes

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25
aerotolerance testing
determines if isolate can grow aerobically, anaerobically, or both\ CHOC- aerobic incubation ANABA- anaerobic incubation
26
which anaerobic bacteria will grow in 20% bile?
Bacteroides fragilis
27
catalase test for anaerobic bacteria
uses 15% H2O2
28
Lecithinase test
tests ability of organism to degrade lecithin to insoluble diglycerides inoculate EYA 24-72 hrs anaerobically positive is white opaque zone in agar surround growth id's Clostridium
29
lipase
tests ability of organism to degrade triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids inoculate EYA incubate 1-7 days positive is pearly iridescent sheen on agar surface on growth ("oil on water")
30
reverse CAMP test
organism in question is streaked down center of plate and GBS streaked perpendicular to test organism; incubated anaerobically 24-48 hrs.; positive is arrowhead shaped zone of enhanced hemolysis alpha toxin in Clostridium perfringes works w/ beta hem. GBS
31
Clostridium vs. Bacillus
both: produce spores; GPB Clostridium: catalase =; anaerobic Bacillus: catalase +; aerobic
32
Clostridium perfringens infections
bacteremia cellulitis intra-abdominal abscesses female genital tract infec gas gangrene food poisioning
33
Clostridium perfringens identification
GPB boxcar shaped sometimes has spores ANABA double zone of hem. lecithinase positive reverse CAMP positive boxcar GPB anaerobic double zone hem on ANABA presumptive ID
34
Clostridioides difficile infections
antibiotic associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis 30% neonates 3-5% healthy adults
35
Clostridium perfringens double zone hemolysis toxins
smaller zone (complete): theta-toxin (heat and labile toxin) outer zone (partial): phospholipase C- an alpha toxin responsible for lecithinase + on EYA
36
C. difficile identification
GPB straight chains spores- oval, subterminal, swelling of cells CCFA media presumptive ID of C. difficile smell like horse manure fluoresce chartreuse
37
Clostridioides difficile toxins
toxin a toxin b tests done on toxins for ID
38
toxin B of C. difficile cytotoxicity test
toxin b present will cause cytopathic effect in human fibroblast tissue cultures antitoxin added to test system prevents this effect (neutralizes action of toxin)
39
Clostridium botulinum infections
botulism (neurotoxins that cause descending flaccid paralysis)
40
Clostridium botulinum identification
hard to culture- may need to send off specimens to send: stools, food items, serum, wound material
41
Clostridium septicum infection
muscle necrosis bacteremia leukemia/ lymphoma/ large bowel carcinoma
42
Clostridium septicum identification
ANABA: gray glossy translucent; beta hem w/ rhizod margin "medusa head" GS: GP & GN with age lecithin = lipase = indole= esculin+
43
Clostridium tetani infections
tetanus (lockjaw) produces neurotoxin- tetanospasmin- that causes muscle spasms
44
C. tetani identification
present in mixed cultures in wounds difficult to grow swarming colony GS: terminal spores
45
Clostridium sordellii infections
gas gangrene myonecrosis (IV drug abuse black tar heroin) 7 exotoxins: lethal toxin and hemorrhagic toxin are most virulent
46
Clostridium sordellii identification
GS: subterminal/free spores translucent- opaque w/ mottled internal spread over agar lecithinase + lipase= indole + urea+
47
Actinomyces infections
A. israelii opportunistic pathogen affects head, neck, chest, abdomen IUDs lesions are suppurative and form draining sinus tracts pus can have sulfur granules
48
Actinomyces identification
GS: straight/ curved GPR or filaments with true branching modified acid fast- partial acid fast = spiderlike/ wooly/ molar tooth apperance red, pink, tan, yellow, gray nitrate + catalase =
49
Cutibacterium spp. infections
opportunistic- normal skin flora skin conjunctiva bone joints cns assoc. w/ surgical procedures or foreign bodies
50
Cutibacterium identification
C. acnes: GS- diphtheroid/ club; chinese letter catalase + indole + GP anaerobic diphtheroid catalase + indole + presumptive ID
51
Eggerthella (Eubacterium) infections
normal mouth & intestinal tract flora not a usual pathogen but Eggerthella lenta most commonly isolated from clinical specimens
52
Eggerthella identification
pleomorphic GPB in pairs/ clumps small circular translucent biochemically inert catalase= indole= nitrate= E. lenta nitrate+
53
Bifidobacterium infections
opportunistic pathogen mouth and intestinal tract
54
Bifidobacterium identification
GPB variable from coccobacilli to branching rods catalase = indole= nitrate= esculin+
55
Anaerobic gram positive cocci generas
Anaerococcus Atopobium Coprococcus Finegoldia Gemella Parvimonas Peptococcus Peptoniphilus Peptostreptococcus
56
3 most common clinical anaerobic GPC species
Finegoldia magna Peptostreptococcus anaerobius Parvimonas micra
57
anaerobic GPC that is indole+ and SPS resistant can be presumptively ID'd as...
Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus
58
Most common clinical GNB anaerobic bacteria genera
Bacteriodes Prevotella Porphyromonas Fusobacterium
59
Bacteriodes fragilis identification
more resistant to antimicrobial agents GS: GNR pleomorphic resistant to kanamycin, vancomycin, colistin, and bile (20%) growth stimulated by bile (BBE agar) turn medium brown or black due to esculin hydrolysis
60
Campylobacter ureolyticus identification
thin GNR with rounded ends may pit the agar kanamycin, colistin, bile susceptible vancomycin resistant catalase= indole= nitrate+
61
Prevotella identification
may be pigmented (enhanced on KVLB; fluoresce red) coccobacilli/ pleomorphic rods grow on KVLB but not BBE resistant to kanamycin, vancomycin bile susceptible non pibmented fluoresce pink orange or chartreuse must be id'd by biochemical tests
62
Porphyromonas identification
fastidious require hemin and vit K for growth prod brown/black pigmented colonies fluoresce red kanamycin, colistin resistant bile susceptible indole + not grow on KVLB
63
Fusobacterium identification
GNR rancid odor (prod. butyric acid) susceptible to kanamycin, colistin resistant to vancomycin nitrate= catalase=
64
Fusobacterium nucleatum detection
most commonly isolated species thin fusiform GNR bread crumb like colony, smooth ground glass/ speckled fluoresces chartreuse susceptible to bile indole+ lipase=
65
Fusobacterium necrophorum identification
pleomorphic GNR- globular and swollen and bizarre shapes fluoresce chartreuse indole + bile susceptible lipase+
66
Fusobacterium mortiferum identification
pleomorphic globular swelling bizarre forms
67
Veillonella spp. identification
anaerobic GNC (only one) reduce nitrate fluroesce red inhibited by bile, kanamycin, colistin vancomycin resistant
68
AST for anaerobic bacteria- 2 tests approved by CLSI
agar dilution broth microdilution panels
69
Finegoldia magna
Gpc Vancomycin s kanamycin v Colistin r

Micro CCMLS (12 decks)

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