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D1S U1 Microbiology > Gram Negative Pathogens > Flashcards

Gram Negative Pathogens Flashcards

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1
Q

7 F’s of fecal transmission to mouth (gram negative mucosal pathogens):

A
  1. Feces
  2. Food
  3. Fluids
  4. Fingers
  5. Flies
  6. Fomites
  7. Fornication
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2
Q

For some bacteria, as few as ____ organisms is enough to cause disease. For other bacteria, millions of organisms are needed.

A

50-100

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3
Q

There is only ____ layer(s) of epithelial cells separating the interior of the body from billions of microbes on mucosal surfaces.

A

1

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4
Q

Natural anatomical/physiological properties that create physical barrier to microbes:

A
  1. Acidity
  2. Motility
  3. Mucous layer and underlying glycocalyx
  4. Tight junctions
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5
Q

Secretory antimicrobial compound that cleaves beta 1,4-glycosidic linkages between NAN and NAG

A

Lysozyme

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6
Q

Antimicrobial compound with bacteriostatic effects via sequestering iron

A

Lactoferrin

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7
Q

Antimicrobial compound that disrupts bacterial membranes of Gram neg and positive (and fungi)

A

Cathelicidin

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8
Q

Antimicrobial compound that creates pores in microbes

A

Defensins

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9
Q

Microbes with _____ tend to be acid resistant.

A

Low infectious dose

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10
Q

Bacterial structures that adhere to tissue to resist being shed

A

Fimbriae/Pili

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11
Q

Recognize microbes via pattern recognition receptors to kill the microbes.

A

Macrophages

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12
Q

Activation of pattern recognition receptors on macrophages also initiates the ______.

A

Inflammatory response

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13
Q

The _____ macrophage receptor recognizes LPS on gram negative bacteria

A

TLR4

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14
Q

Inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha can disrupt the _____ of epithelial cells (negative effect of mucosal inflammatory response to bacteria)

A

Tight junctions

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15
Q

The adaptive immune response is generated in _____

A

Lymph nodes

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16
Q

Invasive Bacteria Pathogens (cause disease by invading intestinal tissue)

A
  1. Salmonella

2. Shigella

17
Q

Shigella spp. Distinguished by O antigen:

A
  1. S. Dysenteriae
  2. S. Flexneri
  3. S. Boydii
  4. S. Sonnei
18
Q

Shigella inoculum size is ____. Survives stomach by _____. Will multiply/colonize the ____.

A

Very small

Acid resistance

Colon

19
Q

Shigella enter ____ cells (phagocytic cells) via outer membrane proteins called _____ to reach the basal surface of the intestinal epithelium and infect it.

A

M

Invasion Plasmid antigens

20
Q

Intracellular spread of Shigella is facilitated by ____, an ATPase that causes actin polymerization.

A

IcsA

21
Q

This develops in the digestive system when invaded cells die and slough off. (From Shigella producing toxins)

A

Ulcer

22
Q

All bacterial species will induce an inflammatory diarrhea with ____ in the stool.

A

Leukocytes

23
Q

Causes invasive diarrhea and produces shiga toxin (kills intestinal cells, disrupts Na absorption).

A

S. Dysenteriae type 1

24
Q

Two species of Salmonella:

A

S. Bongori

S. Enterica/Typhimurium (medically important)

25
Q

Gastroenteritis is caused by Salmonella _____ and S. ____ serotypes.

A

Typhimurium

Enteritidis

26
Q

Typhoid fever is caused by S. ____ and S. _____ serotypes

A

Typhi

Paratyphi

27
Q

Low pH induces the expression of at least 40 proteins found on _____ of Salmonella

A

Pathogenicity islands on large virulence plasmids

28
Q

Enters into lymphatic system and replicates within macrophages throughout the body. Strictly a human pathogen. Asymptomatic carriers (colonized gall bladders).

A

Salmonella Typhi (Typhoid fever)

29
Q

Similarities and Differences between invasive enteric pathogens (Salmonella and Shigella)

A

Similarities:

  1. Invasive
  2. Respond to environmental changes

Differences:

  1. Inoculum size (acid sensitivity)
  2. Bacteremia (Salmonella)
  3. Species that cause severe disease very different
30
Q

Diagnosis/Treatment of invasive enteric pathogens:

A
  1. Based on symptoms/stool
  2. Oral rehydration
  3. Antibiotics
  4. Fluoroquinolones or surgical removal of gallbladder, Vaccine. (For Typhoid fever)

D1S U1 Microbiology (13 decks)

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