Bailey Study Guide

Question 1

6 Steps to Infectious Disease process:

Answer 1

1. Encounter
2. Entry
3. Spread
4. Multiplication
5. Damage
6. Outcome

Question 2

Entry into host can happen in 2 ways:

Answer 2

1. Ingress (inhale/ingest)

2. Penetration

Question 3

Penetration of bacteria involves 2 steps:

Answer 3

1. Attachment

2. Internalization

Question 4

“Spread” of infection can have two meanings:

Answer 4

1. Lateral propagation (movement)

2. Dissemination

Question 5

4 outcomes of host-parasite interaction:

Answer 5

1. Host wins, clears infection
2. Parasite overcomes host
3. Host and parasite adapt to each other
4. Neither win -> chronic infection

Question 6

Gram positive bacteria have a ___ cell wall made of ____, which is made up of long chains of ___ and ___ linked together by short polypeptides.

Answer 6

Thick
Murein (peptidoglycan)

NAG
NAM

Question 7

Gram negative bacteria have a ___ layer of murein between two membranes (lipid bilayer).

Answer 7

Thin

Question 8

The outside of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria is made up of ____, which is toxic, that varies among different bacteria.

Answer 8

LPS (lipopolysaccharide)

Question 9

Antibiotics often work by targeting bacterial ____

Answer 9

Ribosomes

Question 10

Subunits of bacterial ribosomes:

Answer 10

1. 30S- translation of RNA

2. 50S- joins AA together and moves complex along mRNA

Question 11

Sulfonamides and trimethoprim inhibit _____.

Answer 11

Folic acid metabolism

Question 12

Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, kanamycin), tetracyclines, and erythromycin inhibit ____.

Answer 12

Protein synthesis

Question 13

Metronidazole inhibits ____

Answer 13

DNA synthesis

Question 14

____ are specialized structures that link a donor cell to a recipient cell during DNA transfer

Answer 14

Sex Pili

Question 15

____ are surface structures used for locomotion.

Clockwise rotation:

Counterclockwise rotation:

Answer 15

Flagella

Tumbling

Movement

Question 16

The movement towards substances that attract and away from substances that repel

Answer 16

Chemotaxis

Question 17

Ratio between effective and toxic dose of an antibiotic.

Answer 17

Therapeutic Index

Question 18

Bacteria become resistant to antibiotics by:

Answer 18

1. Synthesizing enzymes that inactive drugs
2. Inhibit uptake of drug
3. Increase secretion of drug (out of cell)
4. Modifying target of drug

Question 19

Drug resistant genes are often found on ____ that can be transferred readily from one bacteria to another

Answer 19

Plasmids

Question 20

In order to survive as an infectious agent, bacteria must:

Answer 20

1. Avoid being washed away
2. Find nutritional niche
3. Survive host defense
4. Transfer to new host

Question 21

Bacteria are often classified via their ____.

Answer 21

Surface Antigen (Serotype)

O = LPS
H = Flagella
K = Capsule