gram negative bacilli- enteric tract

Question 1

Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 1

Hospital room

Nosocomial acquired infection: Pneumonia with urinary tract infection, mulri drug resistant (treat with carbopenem)

All ferment lactose, gram negative on McConky agar (pink colonies)

Enterobacter: motile
Serratia marcescens: motile, red pigment in shower, Bright red

Klebsiella pneumonia: alcholoics, abcesses, aspiration, thick capsule polysaccharide. Current jelly sputum. IMMOTILE. TB-like infection, uruease positive

Question 2

Salmonella typhi and enteritidis

Answer 2

Birds salmon dinner
MOTILE, H2S Positive (grows black colonies on Hektoen Agar), encapsulated, acid labile (susceptible) need a really high dose to infect. facultative intracellular, Macrophages bring up in lymphatics

Enteriditis: chicken is main reservoir. Inflammatory diarrhea. Type 3 secretion system ( a protein).

Typhi: gall bladder carries the bacteria (Typhoid mary)
Red spots (macules) on chest, #1 osteomylytis in sicke cell patients. Typhoid fever usually causes constipation or pea soup poop. Fluorpquinoline with a live atenuated vaccine

Question 3

Shigella sonnei and dysenteriae

Answer 3

gorilla circus
Hectoan agar (green colonies) IMMOTAL, ACID stabile (low dose toxicity). Facultative intracellular, damaging bloody diarrhea, with inflammation. 

Peyers patches with M cells phagocytoses the shigella and then escapes to cytoplasm using actin as a tail

Dysenteriae: kids will get hemolytic uremic syndrome. HUS. Shiga toxin causes endothelial toxin that effs up glomerulus kidney

Shiga toxin inhibits the 60s ribosome of Humans. Type 3 secretion system

Question 4

Escherichia coli (ETEC, EHEC)

Answer 4

Milk shake stand
Gram negative, lactose fermenter, encapsulated K Antigen, green on EMB agar, catalase positive. Fibriae/pilli causes UTIs (#1 cause of UTI). Gram negative sepsis (in blood LPS endotoxin.

Meningitis neonates with a K positive

EHEC: (undercooked meat: enterohemmorragic e coli, bloody diarrhea) only e coli that doesnt ferment sorbitol. Toxin inhibits 60s position (like shigella). HUS. HUS HUS O157 H7antigen is associated with outbreakes

ETEC (travelers diarrhea, transmitted via water from Mexico) 2 toxins (1 heat labile-> CAMP, Stable heat-> CGMP) watery diarrhea

Question 5

Campylobacter jejuni

Answer 5

Camping with bears
Thermophyllic, chicken intestinal tract reservoir (fecal oral transmission), diarrhea (bloody). Curved gram negative rod. Oxidase positive. Can get bacterimia (passes thru to blood). Reactive arthritis, Guillain barre syndrome (autoimmune demyelination, causing lower extremities to be messed up)

Question 6

Vibrio cholerae, parahaemolyticus, vulnificus

Answer 6

gram negative, fimbriae attachment with cholera toxin. grows in basic media (cholerae is acid labile). Oxidase positive
Military camp in SE asia. Comma shaped rod
Perfuse watery diarrhea, fecal oral transmission in water. Intestine

Cholerae toxin -> cAMP (activates GS pathway).

Treatment: antibiotics and mainly ORAL rehydration and electrolytes

Vulnificus, para: can infect seafood and oysters but doesnt make cholera toxin

Question 7

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 7

Helicoptor and pilot
lots of people have been infected with it
motile spinning flagella, curved gram negative. Urease positive (urease splits up amonia to make the envro more basic). Urea breath test, biopsy in gut. Oxidase positive

duodenal ulcers, increased adeno cancer. Lymphoma of MALT

Triple to quadruple thereapt. (proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, macrolide (clarythromycin)

Question 8

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 8

Gram Negative, Bathtub, Rdod
thrives in aquatic environments, hot tub folliculitis. Encapsulated

Oxidase positive, catalase positive, blue green pigment when plated on agar. Fruity grapelike odor, obligate aerobe. Nosicomial pneumonia, cystic fibrosis. causes osteomyolitis for IV drug users and diabetics. Burn patients, UTIs (with people who have catheters)

Skin lesions- underchlorinated hot tub, sepsis cutaneous black necrosis (ecthima gangrenosum), otitis externum (swimmers ear)

Pseudomonas toxin A: like diptheria (ribosilates, elongation facter 2)

Treatments: pipercillin and tazobactam, Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides