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Microbiology & Immunology > Gram + Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram + Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

What bacterial infections have NO vaccines?

A

staph aureus and strep pyogenes

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2
Q

Does gram + have LPS or teichoic acid?

A

teichoic acid

gram - has LPS

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3
Q

Which gram + bacteria (bacilli) makes spores and which does not?

A

non-spore formers= cornybacterium and listeria

spore producers= bacillus and clostridium

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4
Q

What are the good gram + rods found in yogurt?

A

lactobacilli

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5
Q

What is the gram + important in packaged meats?

A

listeria

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6
Q

How do lactobacilli get energy?

A

from the conversion of glucose to lactate by fermentation

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7
Q

What is the first bacteria to colonize newborns?

A

Bifidobacterium

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8
Q

What are 2 neurotoxins derived from clostridium?

A

botulism and tetanus

other toxins: perfringens that cause cellulitis, gas gangrene, and food poisoning AND difficile that cause pseudomembrane colitis

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9
Q

Where is clostridium widely distributed?

A

soil and intestinal tract

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10
Q

What is Ludwig’s Agina (facial cellulitis) associated with?

A

periodontal microbiota infection
(not staph!)

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11
Q

What bacteria does not have any known drug resistance?

A

strep. pyogenes

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12
Q

What is the shape of strep and staph?

A

cocci

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13
Q

How do you distinguish between staph and strep?

A

catalase test: staph is catalase postive!!!

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14
Q

What is Neisseria?

A

gram - diplococci
(involved in meningitis and gonorrhea)

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15
Q

What are the medically relevant gram + rods?

A

lactobacilli, clostridia, listeria, actinomyces, corynebacteria, mycobacteria, bacilli

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16
Q

What are the spore formers?

A

bacilli and clostridia

17
Q

What gram + rod is involved in face and neck granular abscesses?

A

actinomyces

18
Q

What are the 2 bacteria seen in yogurts and probiotics?

A

lactobacillus and bifidobacterium

19
Q

What are some diseases caused by clostridium species?

A

C. botulinum- botulism
C. tetani- tetanus (vaccine is toxoid)
C. perfringens- cellulitis, gas gangrene, food posioning
C. difficile- pseudomembranous colitis

20
Q

What is the only genus/species that grows in the refrigerator?

A

listeria monocytgoenes

(in packaged meets/food-borne transmission)

21
Q

What are the 3 intracellular gram + rod bacteria?

A

Listeria, bacillus, mycobacterium tuberculosis

22
Q

T/F: Actinomyces is similar to mycobacteria in that it is acid fast.

A

False. Actinomyces is NOT acid fast but mycobacteria is

23
Q

T/F: Actinomyces is normally present in gingival crevice

A

True!
But if displace, can cause granulomatous infections in the face and neck

24
Q

If took a gram stain and saw filamentous gram + rods and also saw sulfur granules, what would it be?

A

actinomyces

25
Q

What is tx for actinomyces?

A

B-lactam antibiotic

26
Q

Where is cornyebacteria/diptheroids normally living?

A

upper respiratory tract and skin

27
Q

What does cornybacteroum diphtheria produce?

A

a soluble toxin encoded by a lysogenic phage
- this can cause a membrane like coating in throat by ribosylation of ribosome (20% fatal in children)
- vaccine= toxoid

28
Q

What are the 2 bacteria involved in toxoid vaccine?

A

C. tetanus
C. diphtheria

29
Q

What is gram + box car shaped rods?

A

Bacillus anthracis

30
Q

T/F: Bacillus anthracis is transmitted human-human

A

False!
Passed through animals/animal hides

31
Q

What bacteria can make all lipids in nature?

A

M. Tuberculosis

32
Q

What bacteria has a 20 hour doubling time and how is this virulence factor?

A

M. tuberculosis. It gives drug drug resistance and oxidative damage
- treated via rifampin

33
Q

Does M. Tuberculosis have exoenzymes, LPS, or toxins?

A

no- all damage is from delayed type hypersensitivity

34
Q

How is TB contagious?

A

only directly through air by spending time near an active coughing patient

Microbiology & Immunology (30 decks)

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