Gram + Bacteria

Question 1

What bacterial infections have NO vaccines?

Answer 1

staph aureus and strep pyogenes

Question 2

Does gram + have LPS or teichoic acid?

Answer 2

teichoic acid

gram - has LPS

Question 3

Which gram + bacteria (bacilli) makes spores and which does not?

Answer 3

non-spore formers= cornybacterium and listeria

spore producers= bacillus and clostridium

Question 4

What are the good gram + rods found in yogurt?

Answer 4

lactobacilli

Question 5

What is the gram + important in packaged meats?

Answer 5

listeria

Question 6

How do lactobacilli get energy?

Answer 6

from the conversion of glucose to lactate by fermentation

Question 7

What is the first bacteria to colonize newborns?

Answer 7

Bifidobacterium

Question 8

What are 2 neurotoxins derived from clostridium?

Answer 8

botulism and tetanus

other toxins: perfringens that cause cellulitis, gas gangrene, and food poisoning AND difficile that cause pseudomembrane colitis

Question 9

Where is clostridium widely distributed?

Answer 9

soil and intestinal tract

Question 10

What is Ludwig’s Agina (facial cellulitis) associated with?

Answer 10

periodontal microbiota infection
(not staph!)

Question 11

What bacteria does not have any known drug resistance?

Answer 11

strep. pyogenes

Question 12

What is the shape of strep and staph?

Answer 12

cocci

Question 13

How do you distinguish between staph and strep?

Answer 13

catalase test: staph is catalase postive!!!

Question 14

What is Neisseria?

Answer 14

gram - diplococci
(involved in meningitis and gonorrhea)

Question 15

What are the medically relevant gram + rods?

Answer 15

lactobacilli, clostridia, listeria, actinomyces, corynebacteria, mycobacteria, bacilli

Question 16

What are the spore formers?

Answer 16

bacilli and clostridia

Question 17

What gram + rod is involved in face and neck granular abscesses?

Answer 17

actinomyces

Question 18

What are the 2 bacteria seen in yogurts and probiotics?

Answer 18

lactobacillus and bifidobacterium

Question 19

What are some diseases caused by clostridium species?

Answer 19

C. botulinum- botulism
C. tetani- tetanus (vaccine is toxoid)
C. perfringens- cellulitis, gas gangrene, food posioning
C. difficile- pseudomembranous colitis

Question 20

What is the only genus/species that grows in the refrigerator?

Answer 20

listeria monocytgoenes

(in packaged meets/food-borne transmission)

Question 21

What are the 3 intracellular gram + rod bacteria?

Answer 21

Listeria, bacillus, mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 22

T/F: Actinomyces is similar to mycobacteria in that it is acid fast.

Answer 22

False. Actinomyces is NOT acid fast but mycobacteria is

Question 23

T/F: Actinomyces is normally present in gingival crevice

Answer 23

True!
But if displace, can cause granulomatous infections in the face and neck

Question 24

If took a gram stain and saw filamentous gram + rods and also saw sulfur granules, what would it be?

Answer 24

actinomyces

Question 25

What is tx for actinomyces?

Answer 25

B-lactam antibiotic

Question 26

Where is cornyebacteria/diptheroids normally living?

Answer 26

upper respiratory tract and skin

Question 27

What does cornybacteroum diphtheria produce?

Answer 27

a soluble toxin encoded by a lysogenic phage - this can cause a membrane like coating in throat by ribosylation of ribosome (20% fatal in children) - vaccine= toxoid

Question 28

What are the 2 bacteria involved in toxoid vaccine?

Answer 28

C. tetanus C. diphtheria

Question 29

What is gram + box car shaped rods?

Answer 29

Bacillus anthracis

Question 30

T/F: Bacillus anthracis is transmitted human-human

Answer 30

False! Passed through animals/animal hides

Question 31

What bacteria can make all lipids in nature?

Answer 31

M. Tuberculosis

Question 32

What bacteria has a 20 hour doubling time and how is this virulence factor?

Answer 32

M. tuberculosis. It gives drug drug resistance and oxidative damage - treated via rifampin

Question 33

Does M. Tuberculosis have exoenzymes, LPS, or toxins?

Answer 33

no- all damage is from delayed type hypersensitivity

Question 34

How is TB contagious?

Answer 34

only directly through air by spending time near an active coughing patient