Gram + Bacteria Flashcards
What bacterial infections have NO vaccines?
staph aureus and strep pyogenes
Does gram + have LPS or teichoic acid?
teichoic acid
gram - has LPS
Which gram + bacteria (bacilli) makes spores and which does not?
non-spore formers= cornybacterium and listeria
spore producers= bacillus and clostridium
What are the good gram + rods found in yogurt?
lactobacilli
What is the gram + important in packaged meats?
listeria
How do lactobacilli get energy?
from the conversion of glucose to lactate by fermentation
What is the first bacteria to colonize newborns?
Bifidobacterium
What are 2 neurotoxins derived from clostridium?
botulism and tetanus
other toxins: perfringens that cause cellulitis, gas gangrene, and food poisoning AND difficile that cause pseudomembrane colitis
Where is clostridium widely distributed?
soil and intestinal tract
What is Ludwig’s Agina (facial cellulitis) associated with?
periodontal microbiota infection
(not staph!)
What bacteria does not have any known drug resistance?
strep. pyogenes
What is the shape of strep and staph?
cocci
How do you distinguish between staph and strep?
catalase test: staph is catalase postive!!!
What is Neisseria?
gram - diplococci
(involved in meningitis and gonorrhea)
What are the medically relevant gram + rods?
lactobacilli, clostridia, listeria, actinomyces, corynebacteria, mycobacteria, bacilli
What are the spore formers?
bacilli and clostridia
What gram + rod is involved in face and neck granular abscesses?
actinomyces
What are the 2 bacteria seen in yogurts and probiotics?
lactobacillus and bifidobacterium
What are some diseases caused by clostridium species?
C. botulinum- botulism
C. tetani- tetanus (vaccine is toxoid)
C. perfringens- cellulitis, gas gangrene, food posioning
C. difficile- pseudomembranous colitis
What is the only genus/species that grows in the refrigerator?
listeria monocytgoenes
(in packaged meets/food-borne transmission)
What are the 3 intracellular gram + rod bacteria?
Listeria, bacillus, mycobacterium tuberculosis
T/F: Actinomyces is similar to mycobacteria in that it is acid fast.
False. Actinomyces is NOT acid fast but mycobacteria is
T/F: Actinomyces is normally present in gingival crevice
True!
But if displace, can cause granulomatous infections in the face and neck
If took a gram stain and saw filamentous gram + rods and also saw sulfur granules, what would it be?
actinomyces
What is tx for actinomyces?
B-lactam antibiotic
Where is cornyebacteria/diptheroids normally living?
upper respiratory tract and skin
What does cornybacteroum diphtheria produce?
a soluble toxin encoded by a lysogenic phage
- this can cause a membrane like coating in throat by ribosylation of ribosome (20% fatal in children)
- vaccine= toxoid
What are the 2 bacteria involved in toxoid vaccine?
C. tetanus
C. diphtheria
What is gram + box car shaped rods?
Bacillus anthracis
T/F: Bacillus anthracis is transmitted human-human
False!
Passed through animals/animal hides
What bacteria can make all lipids in nature?
M. Tuberculosis
What bacteria has a 20 hour doubling time and how is this virulence factor?
M. tuberculosis. It gives drug drug resistance and oxidative damage
- treated via rifampin
Does M. Tuberculosis have exoenzymes, LPS, or toxins?
no- all damage is from delayed type hypersensitivity
How is TB contagious?
only directly through air by spending time near an active coughing patient
