Bacteria Physiology & Growth

Question 1

What is the classification of strep?

Answer 1

gram + growing in chain

Question 2

How does strep divide?

Answer 2

binary fission

Question 3

What do bacterias synthesize?

Answer 3

important macromolecules: proteins and nucleic acids

Question 4

How is the energy for bacteria synthesizing proteins and nucleic acids obtained?

Answer 4

respiration or fermentation

Question 5

How is energy first obtained for synthesis?

Answer 5

glycolysis. specifically 1 glucose (6C) –> 2 pyruvate (2 x 3C)

Question 6

How do you regenerate NAD from NADH?

Answer 6

convert pyruvate to lactic acid

Question 7

In anaerobic respiration, what is used as the finally e- acceptor?

Answer 7

carbonate, sulfate, nitrate

Question 8

How many molecules of ATP are produced in aerobic, anaerobic and fermentation?

Answer 8

aerobic= 38 ATP
anaerobic= 3-37 ATP
fermentation= 2 ATP

Question 9

In which process to get energy is oxygen reductase found?
a. aerobic respiration
b. anaerobic respiration
c. fermentation

Answer 9

a. aerobic respiration

other reductases are found in anaerobic respiration

Question 10

What are most bacteria?

Answer 10

facultative anaerobes meaning they can grow in presence or absence of oxygen

Question 11

What are obligate anaerobes?

Answer 11

cannot tolerate oxygens found in oral and gut microbes

Question 12

Why do we need energy for bacteria?

Answer 12

to polymerize macromolecules (specifically ribosome making proteins which require lots of energy)

Question 13

What are 2 common human pathogenic bacteria that have high nutrient requirements and only live inside cells (require host)?

Answer 13

mycoplasma and chlamydiae

Question 14

What bacteria is gram - and found to cause blindness due to infection and genital infections?

Answer 14

chlamydiae

Question 15

What is the doubling time of E.coli?

Answer 15

15-20 minutes

Question 16

How does bacteria stop growing?

Answer 16

when they run out of nutrients

• bacteria grow exponentially until they run out of nutrients required to survive

Question 17

What are stages in order of bacterial growth?

Answer 17

lag-exponential-stationary-decline

Question 18

Do bacteria cells grow at the same rate?

Answer 18

no, each cell grows at different rates

Question 19

Is it harder to kill a slow or fast bacteria?

Answer 19

slower growing bacteria is more resistant to drugs

Question 20

What are persisters?

Answer 20

non-growing bacteria that survives antibiotics and then regrow once antibiotics are removed

Question 21

What is sporulation?

Answer 21

asymmetric cell division usually found in gram positive and strict aerobes (require oxygen)
- bacillus and clostridium

Question 21

How do you get rids of spores?

Answer 21

autoclaving or bleach. they are very resistant so the only way to get rid of them is autoclave

Question 22

Disinfectant vs. Antiseptic

Answer 22

antiseptic= used on skin
disinfectant= used on surfaces (bleach)

Question 23

What disease is tied with sporulation?

Answer 23

tuberculous

Question 24

What is a biofilm?

Answer 24

structured community of microorganisms adhered to surface and enclosed in carbs and proteins

Question 24

What are common diseases caused by biofilms?

Answer 24

caries, periodontitis, otitis media, endocarditis

Question 25

What are the common bacteria found in biofilms?

Answer 25

streptococci mutans, moraxella, strep. viridans

Question 26

Where do biofilms grow in periodontitis?

Answer 26

anaerobic pocket