Bacteria Physiology & Growth Flashcards
What is the classification of strep?
gram + growing in chain
How does strep divide?
binary fission
What do bacterias synthesize?
important macromolecules: proteins and nucleic acids
How is the energy for bacteria synthesizing proteins and nucleic acids obtained?
respiration or fermentation
How is energy first obtained for synthesis?
glycolysis. specifically 1 glucose (6C) –> 2 pyruvate (2 x 3C)
How do you regenerate NAD from NADH?
convert pyruvate to lactic acid
In anaerobic respiration, what is used as the finally e- acceptor?
carbonate, sulfate, nitrate
How many molecules of ATP are produced in aerobic, anaerobic and fermentation?
aerobic= 38 ATP
anaerobic= 3-37 ATP
fermentation= 2 ATP
In which process to get energy is oxygen reductase found?
a. aerobic respiration
b. anaerobic respiration
c. fermentation
a. aerobic respiration
other reductases are found in anaerobic respiration
What are most bacteria?
facultative anaerobes meaning they can grow in presence or absence of oxygen
What are obligate anaerobes?
cannot tolerate oxygens found in oral and gut microbes
Why do we need energy for bacteria?
to polymerize macromolecules (specifically ribosome making proteins which require lots of energy)
What are 2 common human pathogenic bacteria that have high nutrient requirements and only live inside cells (require host)?
mycoplasma and chlamydiae
What bacteria is gram - and found to cause blindness due to infection and genital infections?
chlamydiae
What is the doubling time of E.coli?
15-20 minutes
How does bacteria stop growing?
when they run out of nutrients
- bacteria grow exponentially until they run out of nutrients required to survive
What are stages in order of bacterial growth?
lag-exponential-stationary-decline
Do bacteria cells grow at the same rate?
no, each cell grows at different rates
Is it harder to kill a slow or fast bacteria?
slower growing bacteria is more resistant to drugs
What are persisters?
non-growing bacteria that survives antibiotics and then regrow once antibiotics are removed
What is sporulation?
asymmetric cell division usually found in gram positive and strict aerobes (require oxygen)
- bacillus and clostridium
How do you get rids of spores?
autoclaving or bleach. they are very resistant so the only way to get rid of them is autoclave
Disinfectant vs. Antiseptic
antiseptic= used on skin
disinfectant= used on surfaces (bleach)
What disease is tied with sporulation?
tuberculous
What is a biofilm?
structured community of microorganisms adhered to surface and enclosed in carbs and proteins
What are common diseases caused by biofilms?
caries, periodontitis, otitis media, endocarditis
What are the common bacteria found in biofilms?
streptococci mutans, moraxella, strep. viridans
Where do biofilms grow in periodontitis?
anaerobic pocket
