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Biology > Grade 11 Unit 4 > Flashcards

Grade 11 Unit 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

T/F
Osmosis is responsible for everyday life phenomena

A

T

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2
Q

T/F
Size of a cell changes by osmosis because of the inflow and outflow of water

A

T

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3
Q

second lens (the ………) magnifi es the already magnified image produced by the objective lens.

A

eyepiece

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4
Q

The first compound microscope was made in 1595 by the Dutch scientist

A

Zaccharias Jansen

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5
Q

What’s the use of eyepiece lens?

A

magnifies the already magnified image produced by the objective lens. However, it also magnifies any ‘aberrations’ or faults in the image

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6
Q

The French biologist …………. concludes that all organisms are composed of cells

A

Rene Dutrochet

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7
Q

Who discovered the stomata in the epidermis of leaves, the process of osmosis, chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis to occur, respiration occurs in both animals and plants

A

Rene Dutrochet

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8
Q

Who is the man who first states the cell theory by recognising that all organisms are made of cells and that ‘all growth occurs because of the increase in volume of cells or by the addition of more little cells

A

Rene Dutrochet

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9
Q

Who put forward the first clearly stated cell theory

A

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann

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10
Q

a German doctor who develops many surgical techniques and promotes several fields of modern medicine

A

Rudolf Virchow

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11
Q

Who discovered protozoa

A

Leeuwenhoek

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12
Q

Who described the cell nucleus in cells of an orchid

A

Brown

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13
Q

Who described mitochondria

A

Kolliker

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14
Q

Who isolates DNA

A

Miescher

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15
Q

Who described chromosome behaviour during mitosis

A

Fleming

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16
Q

correlate the readings of an instrument with a standard

A

calibrating

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17
Q

……… determines how much activity there is in a cell

A

volume

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18
Q

The amount of energy that must be released in respiration is therefore decided largely by the …….

A

volume

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19
Q

membranes of the ………. separate areas of the cytoplasm and allow them to function independently

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

individual structures in a cell with a specific function

A

organelles

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21
Q

the network of membranes in a cell

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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22
Q

the endosymbiont theory was first proposed by the biologist ………

A

Lynn Margulis

23
Q

The forerunners of animal, fungal and protoctistan cells

A

heterotrophic

24
Q

What is the importance of the cell membrane?

A
  1. Controls what goes in n out
  2. Cell signaling (recognition by hormones n immune system)
25
Q

T/F
A plasma membrane is much more complex than a simple bilayer

A

T

26
Q

Who suggested that all membranes are essentially the same

A

J D Robertson

27
Q

……….. are conceptual plans of some system that try to explain experimental observations and relate the various observations to each other

A

Models

28
Q

integral proteins with pores that allow ions to pass through the membrane

A

channel protein

29
Q

integral proteins that move mediumsized particles across the membrane

A

carrier proteins

30
Q

Not all particles can actually pass through a plasma membrane unaided. This is because……….

A

because of the largely lipid nature of the membrane

31
Q

proteins that span only one of the two phospholipid layers

A

peripheral proteins

32
Q

Carrier proteins involved in active transport are often referred to as ……….

A

pumps

33
Q

proteins that span both phospholipid layers in a plasma membrane

A

integral proteins

34
Q

Based on electron microscope evidence that appears to support the Davson–Danielli model, ……….. proposes the unit membrane model

A

J D Robertson

35
Q

The rate of facilitated diffusion is affected by the same factors that affect simple diffusion with the exception that…….

A

it is not the actual surface area of the membrane that determines the rate, but the number of carrier proteins (or channel proteins) present.

36
Q

………. involves the creation of pseudopodia (extensions of the plasma membrane) to enclose large particles or even whole organisms outside the cell.

A

Phagocytosis

37
Q

Active process by which enzymes and hormones are secreted

A

Exocytosis

38
Q

………. typically occupies about 10% of the volume of a cell

A

nucleus

39
Q

…… partial partitions in mitochondria

A

cristae

40
Q

where some of the reactions of aerobic respiration take place in mitochondria

A

fluid matrix

41
Q

is the ‘energy storage molecule’ of cells

A

ATP

42
Q

Each ribosome comprises two subunits that are made from ……… n manufactured in the ……..

A

RNA and protein. Nucleolus

43
Q

Many of the modifications added in the ………… act as a kind of ‘tag’, which determine the final destination of the molecule

A

Golgi apparatus

44
Q

Think of the ………. as a cellular post office that labels and then distributes molecules!

A

Golgi apparatus

45
Q

Think of the ………. as a cellular post office that labels and then distributes molecules!

A

Golgi apparatus

46
Q

……. have no specialised internal structure and are surrounded by a single membrane

A

Lysosomes

47
Q

……. have no specialised internal structure and are surrounded by a single membrane

A

Lysosomes

48
Q

Where is lysosome formed

A

In golgi apparatus

49
Q

are particularly abundant in phagocytic white blood cells

A

Lysosomes

50
Q

T/F
All eukaryotic cells are the same

A

F

51
Q

What in the cell wall gives it both strength and elasticity

A

The criss-cross arrangement of cellulose fibres

52
Q

Why, the cell wall is freely permeable

A

Because there are large ‘gaps’ (on a molecular scale) between the fibres

53
Q

………… separates the components of a cell by centrifugation, heavier organelles being isolated at lower centrifuge speeds.

A

Cell fractionation

54
Q

Unit in which the size of cells and cell organelles is measured

A

Micrometer

Biology (15 decks)

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