Grade 10 Unit 3 Flashcards
1
Q
The most distinctive feature of all nerve cells is
A
axon or nerve fibre
2
Q
start a nerve impulse that sends this information
A
Sensory receptors
3
Q
The muscles or organs of the body that bring about the response to the original stimulus are known as
A
effectors
4
Q
______ is a minute electrical event that is the result of charge differences across the membrane of the axon.
A
nerve impulse
5
Q
The wave of positive charge inside the axon when the neuron is stimulated is known as the
A
action potential.
6
Q
_____are gaps between neurons
A
Synapses
7
Q
When an impulse arrives at end of a neuron, what is released
A
Chemicals
8
Q
is responsible for the co-ordination of much of the functioning of the body.
A
Endocrine/hormonal system
9
Q
connect to neighbouring nerve cells.
A
Dendrites
10
Q
Receive signals from other nerve cells at synapses
A
Dendrites
11
Q
long process from nerve cell that carries the nerve impulse
A
Axon
12
Q
Why do nerves conduct electricity
A
Cuz of axon structure. It’s membrane allows permeability to sodium ions to conduct electricity
13
Q
a short-term change in the electrical potential on the surface of a cell when it is stimulated
A
Action potential
14
Q
is the basis of all the electrical signals in the nervous system of your body.
A
action potential
15
Q
areas in the brain and spinal cord that consist of unmyelinated nerve cells
A
Grey matter
16
Q
Even if all of your higher brain is damaged and destroyed, you may continue to breathe if your ________ is intact.
A
Medulla
17
Q
relay neurons neurons which are activated by other neurons
A
relay neurons
18
Q
The length of time it takes you to recognise a stimulus and react to it is
A
reaction time
19
Q
neural path of a reflex
A
reflex arc
20
Q
connect the affector and effector neurons directly in the CNS, without input from other areas
A
Relay neurons
21
Q
The receptors, neurons and effectors involved are referred to as a
A
reflex arc.
22
Q
T/F
The spinal cord has a much simpler structure than your brain
A
T
23
Q
The neuron enters the spinal cord through the
A
Dorsal root
24
Q
The effector neuron leaves the spinal cord by the
A
ventral root
25
Action potentials can travel along axons at speeds of
0.1–100 m/s
26
T/F
Alcohol is highly intoxicating and extremely poisonous
T
27
Which drugs are illegal in Ethiopia?
LSD, ecstasy, cocaine, cannabis, heroin
28
a set of unpleasant effects upon the body caused by a sudden stopping of using a drug
withdrawal symptoms
29
compulsively or physiologically dependent on something habit-forming
addicted
30
Which drug affects the brain and produces a sensation of calm well-being and being able to cope.
Nicotine
31
T/F
Nicotine is very physically addictive
T
32
If the blood vessels going to the brain become blocked you suffer
a stroke
33
Chemicals in tobacco also tend to damage the smooth lining of the arteries, which makes it much more likely that _______ will occur
atherosclerosis
34
makes you less inhibited
Alcohol
35
dilates blood capillaries near the skin surface producing a feeling of warmth and well-being
Alcohol
36
increases hunger
Alcohol
37
Destroys liver tissues and is endstage liver disease
cirrhosis of the liver
38
Your _____ deals with all the poisons you put into your body.
liver
39
is a mild stimulant drug
Khat
40
How long liver takes to breakdown alcohol n khat respectively
1 hr n 30 min
41
Which drug stops you feeling hungry
Khat
42
is known to affect the brain cells responsible for memory, emotion and motivation.
THC
43
Is a mild hallucinogenic drug
Cannabis/ganja/weed
44
Which drug is very powerful when eaten n why
Cannabis cuz liver converts it into a v powerful drug
45
are drugs that produce vivid waking dreams, where the user sees or hears things that are not really there, or has a distorted view of the world
Hallucinogens
46
psychotoxic drugs that affect the mind in a way that produces distorted sensations abnormal in content
hallucinogens
47
The effect of _____ is very variable. It affects different people in different ways, and even the same person can react very differently depending on how it is used.
cannabis
48
it can have a ‘gateway’ effect, putting people in touch with dealers who will later try to sell them harder and more expensive drugs
Cannabis
49
used in folk medicine
Cannabis
50
pain relief for diseases such as multiple sclerosis
Cannabis
51
very strong hallucinogenic drug made in the laboratory n made ppl think they can fly
LSD
52
even first time users – develop severe mental illness
LSD
53
When you take ______ you get a rush of energy and a high where you feel very powerful. The downside is that you can end up feeling paranoid and depressed afterwards
cocaine
54
can kill you the first time you use it, as some people have complete heart failure
Cocaine
55
both medically as very good painkillers and as recreational drugs,
opiates
56
Most ______ users do not feel hunger, pain or sexual feelings
heroin
57
Which drug users risk abscesses, liver diseases such as hepatitis and even heart and brain damage.
Heroin
58
T/F
In every case sensory receptors change the energy of the stimulus into electrical energy in a nerve impulse
T
59
an organ that receives and relays information about the body’s senses to the brain
sensory organ
60
close over your eyes to protect them from the entry of material like dust, sand and insects, which might injure or irritate them
eyelids
61
also sweep tear solution regularly
Eyelids
62
control the size of the pupil and so to control the amount of light reaching the retina.
Iris
63
The _____ have been described as the windows of the soul n body
Eyes
64
the tough, opaque tissue that serves as the eye’s protective outer layer
sclera
65
A ______ resembles a contact lens in size and appearance
cornea
66
the middle layer filled with blood vessels that nourish the retina
choroid
67
a membrane in the eye, responsible for controlling the amount of light reaching the retina
iris
68
It fine-tunes’ the focusing of the light, bending it to make sure that it produces an image on the retina
Lens
69
It suspends the lens and pull it into shape
Suspensory pigment
70
It automatically contracts or relax the shape of the lens
Ciliary muscles
71
contains enzymes that destroy bacteria that might infect your eye
Tear
72
eyeball is filled with a jelly-like fluid that helps to
hold its shape
73
the small area of your retina which contains ONLY cones
Fovea
74
This is why the edges of your visual field are blurred
Due to fewer cones on retina
75
Each cone responds to which lights n if all three r stimulated, which color do we see
red, green or blue. White
76
missing one or more type of cone. This is known as
Colour blindness
77
In your eye, the light coming in is bent (refracted) twice. When when
1 in cornea, 1 in lens
78
makes sure that we can see both close and distant objects equally well
Lens
79
Ability of the human eye to focus on objects at different distances is known as
accommodation
80
is a piece of transparent material (usually glass or plastic) that has one or more curved surfaces
lens
81
lens will bend the light rays towards each other
Convex lens
82
particularly important in animals with longer ears than humans is ______ which can be moved by the animals to pick up sounds
Pinna
83
to pick up sounds very easily and also to find out which direction the sound is coming from
Pinna
84
cross section of the cochlea reveals that .....
that it is made up of three tubes in one
85
semicircular canals in your inner ear are concerned with .....
detection of motion.
86
a very savoury flavour found in foods such as meat, cheese, broth and mushroom
Umami
87
reason why you cannot ‘taste’ foods well when suffering from a cold is......
with your nasal passages inflamed and coated with mucus, your smell receptors cannot work
88
The utriculus and sacculus are concerned with .......
your sense of balance and posture.
89
T/F
The taste sensations you experience are produced by a blending of the five basic sensations in same relative intensities along with the input of smell from your nose.
F, different intensities
90
T/F
Much of what is called smell is really taste
F, much of what is called taste is really smell
91
Is taste or smell receptors much more sensitive
Smell receptors
92
This layer of skin is closely involved in temperature control in homeostasis and in your sense of touch
Dermis
93
This skin layer is made up of dead cells and stops water loss and also protect against the entry of pathogens
Epidermis
94
layer of skin which helps to insulate the body against heat loss
Hypodermis
95
This skin layer contains fatty tissue which is both an energy store and acts as an insulation layer, protecting you against heat loss.
Hypodermis
96
Which hormone regulates metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells
Thyroxine
97
hormone involved in the long-term chemical control of your body
Thyroxine
98
A gland that produces digestive enzymes and manufactures hormones, including insulin and glucagon
pancreas
99
our blood sugar levels are perfectly controlled by our ........
pancreas
100
allows glucose to be taken into your body cells and converted into glycogen in the liver
Injected insulin
101
T/F
Injected insulin cannot mimic the total control given by the natural production of the pancreas
T
102
Who realised that extracts of animal pancreas could be used to keep people with diabetes alive
Frederick Banting and Charles Best
103
........ are the endocrine glands which produce some of the sex hormones
gonads
104
helps to trap and funnel sound into the ear
pinna
105
forms a waterproof layer around your body tissues
Skin
106
What's the difference between FSH and LH
FSH stimulates follicles development to produce sex hormones. LH stimulates egg release and produces progesterone
107
Which hormone helps to maintain the pregnancy
progesterone
108
a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
109
50% of all fertilised eggs are lost before a woman even realises she is pregnant. Why?
This is usually because there is something wrong with the embryo and it cannot develop normally
110
Which contraception method depends on full co-operation of both partners
Natural method
111
Which contraception method can interrupt intercourse
Condom male
112
Which contraception method offers some protection against cervical cancer
Diaphragm or cap
113
Which contraception method must be initially fitted by a doctor
Diaphragm or cap
114
Which contraception method may offer some protection against certain tumours
Combined pill
115
Which contraception method may increase the risk of certain tumours n cause raised blood pressure and an increased tendency for the blood to clot
Pill
116
After how long will we be HIV positive
After 3 months, when HIV antibodies appear
117
...... are used to control the reproduction of the virus and slow the progression of HIV-related disease
Antiretroviral medications
118
The bodily process of discharging waste matter is called
excretion
119
......... is produced in your liver when excess amino acids are broken down
Urea
120
...... are where all the filtering and reabsorption takes place in kidney
Kidney tubules (nephrons)
121
T/F
The concentration of substances in the liquid in the bowmans capsule is the same as that in the blood itself
T
122
...... means passing urine, so ....... means preventing or reducing urine flow
Diuresis, anti-diuresis
123
The tube that leads from the bladder to the outside world
urethra
124
a ring of muscle that contracts to close an opening
sphincter
125
a duct through which urine is discharged
urethra
126
Which kidney tubule part has many microvilli to increase the surface area for absorption
First coiled tubules
127
In the collecting duct of kidneys, the urine will contain ......
1% water n no glucose
128
In the reabsorbtion in first coiled tubules, what is reabsorbed
All glucose, 67% ions, 80% of water
129
How much of liquid filtered out of blood is eventually returned back?
99%
130
The bladder is a muscular sac which can hold between .......... urine, although we usually empty it when it contains only .............
600 and 800 cm3 , 150–300 cm3
131
urea in the urine than in the blood is about ........ times more
60
132
If your body badly needs more water, more may be reabsorbed along the ..........
collecting duct
133
Your blood passes through your kidneys at the rate of ......
1200 cm3 per minute
134
All the blood in your body passes through your kidneys and is filtered and balanced approximately once every .......
five minutes
135
T/F
You sweat to help the body cool down, not to control the ion and water balance of the body
T
