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Biology > Grade 10 Unit 3 > Flashcards

Grade 10 Unit 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The most distinctive feature of all nerve cells is

A

axon or nerve fibre

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2
Q

start a nerve impulse that sends this information

A

Sensory receptors

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3
Q

The muscles or organs of the body that bring about the response to the original stimulus are known as

A

effectors

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4
Q

______ is a minute electrical event that is the result of charge differences across the membrane of the axon.

A

nerve impulse

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5
Q

The wave of positive charge inside the axon when the neuron is stimulated is known as the

A

action potential.

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6
Q

_____are gaps between neurons

A

Synapses

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7
Q

When an impulse arrives at end of a neuron, what is released

A

Chemicals

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8
Q

is responsible for the co-ordination of much of the functioning of the body.

A

Endocrine/hormonal system

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9
Q

connect to neighbouring nerve cells.

A

Dendrites

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10
Q

Receive signals from other nerve cells at synapses

A

Dendrites

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11
Q

long process from nerve cell that carries the nerve impulse

A

Axon

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12
Q

Why do nerves conduct electricity

A

Cuz of axon structure. It’s membrane allows permeability to sodium ions to conduct electricity

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13
Q

a short-term change in the electrical potential on the surface of a cell when it is stimulated

A

Action potential

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14
Q

is the basis of all the electrical signals in the nervous system of your body.

A

action potential

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15
Q

areas in the brain and spinal cord that consist of unmyelinated nerve cells

A

Grey matter

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16
Q

Even if all of your higher brain is damaged and destroyed, you may continue to breathe if your ________ is intact.

A

Medulla

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17
Q

relay neurons neurons which are activated by other neurons

A

relay neurons

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18
Q

The length of time it takes you to recognise a stimulus and react to it is

A

reaction time

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19
Q

neural path of a reflex

A

reflex arc

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20
Q

connect the affector and effector neurons directly in the CNS, without input from other areas

A

Relay neurons

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21
Q

The receptors, neurons and effectors involved are referred to as a

A

reflex arc.

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22
Q

T/F
The spinal cord has a much simpler structure than your brain

A

T

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23
Q

The neuron enters the spinal cord through the

A

Dorsal root

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24
Q

The effector neuron leaves the spinal cord by the

A

ventral root

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25
Q

Action potentials can travel along axons at speeds of

A

0.1–100 m/s

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26
Q

T/F
Alcohol is highly intoxicating and extremely poisonous

A

T

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27
Q

Which drugs are illegal in Ethiopia?

A

LSD, ecstasy, cocaine, cannabis, heroin

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28
Q

a set of unpleasant effects upon the body caused by a sudden stopping of using a drug

A

withdrawal symptoms

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29
Q

compulsively or physiologically dependent on something habit-forming

A

addicted

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30
Q

Which drug affects the brain and produces a sensation of calm well-being and being able to cope.

A

Nicotine

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31
Q

T/F
Nicotine is very physically addictive

A

T

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32
Q

If the blood vessels going to the brain become blocked you suffer

A

a stroke

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33
Q

Chemicals in tobacco also tend to damage the smooth lining of the arteries, which makes it much more likely that _______ will occur

A

atherosclerosis

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34
Q

makes you less inhibited

A

Alcohol

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35
Q

dilates blood capillaries near the skin surface producing a feeling of warmth and well-being

A

Alcohol

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36
Q

increases hunger

A

Alcohol

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37
Q

Destroys liver tissues and is endstage liver disease

A

cirrhosis of the liver

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38
Q

Your _____ deals with all the poisons you put into your body.

A

liver

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39
Q

is a mild stimulant drug

A

Khat

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40
Q

How long liver takes to breakdown alcohol n khat respectively

A

1 hr n 30 min

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41
Q

Which drug stops you feeling hungry

A

Khat

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42
Q

is known to affect the brain cells responsible for memory, emotion and motivation.

A

THC

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43
Q

Is a mild hallucinogenic drug

A

Cannabis/ganja/weed

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44
Q

Which drug is very powerful when eaten n why

A

Cannabis cuz liver converts it into a v powerful drug

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45
Q

are drugs that produce vivid waking dreams, where the user sees or hears things that are not really there, or has a distorted view of the world

A

Hallucinogens

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46
Q

psychotoxic drugs that affect the mind in a way that produces distorted sensations abnormal in content

A

hallucinogens

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47
Q

The effect of _____ is very variable. It affects different people in different ways, and even the same person can react very differently depending on how it is used.

A

cannabis

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48
Q

it can have a ‘gateway’ effect, putting people in touch with dealers who will later try to sell them harder and more expensive drugs

A

Cannabis

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49
Q

used in folk medicine

A

Cannabis

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50
Q

pain relief for diseases such as multiple sclerosis

A

Cannabis

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51
Q

very strong hallucinogenic drug made in the laboratory n made ppl think they can fly

A

LSD

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52
Q

even first time users – develop severe mental illness

A

LSD

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53
Q

When you take ______ you get a rush of energy and a high where you feel very powerful. The downside is that you can end up feeling paranoid and depressed afterwards

A

cocaine

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54
Q

can kill you the first time you use it, as some people have complete heart failure

A

Cocaine

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55
Q

both medically as very good painkillers and as recreational drugs,

A

opiates

56
Q

Most ______ users do not feel hunger, pain or sexual feelings

A

heroin

57
Q

Which drug users risk abscesses, liver diseases such as hepatitis and even heart and brain damage.

A

Heroin

58
Q

T/F
In every case sensory receptors change the energy of the stimulus into electrical energy in a nerve impulse

A

T

59
Q

an organ that receives and relays information about the body’s senses to the brain

A

sensory organ

60
Q

close over your eyes to protect them from the entry of material like dust, sand and insects, which might injure or irritate them

A

eyelids

61
Q

also sweep tear solution regularly

A

Eyelids

62
Q

control the size of the pupil and so to control the amount of light reaching the retina.

A

Iris

63
Q

The _____ have been described as the windows of the soul n body

A

Eyes

64
Q

the tough, opaque tissue that serves as the eye’s protective outer layer

A

sclera

65
Q

A ______ resembles a contact lens in size and appearance

A

cornea

66
Q

the middle layer filled with blood vessels that nourish the retina

A

choroid

67
Q

a membrane in the eye, responsible for controlling the amount of light reaching the retina

A

iris

68
Q

It fine-tunes’ the focusing of the light, bending it to make sure that it produces an image on the retina

A

Lens

69
Q

It suspends the lens and pull it into shape

A

Suspensory pigment

70
Q

It automatically contracts or relax the shape of the lens

A

Ciliary muscles

71
Q

contains enzymes that destroy bacteria that might infect your eye

A

Tear

72
Q

eyeball is filled with a jelly-like fluid that helps to

A

hold its shape

73
Q

the small area of your retina which contains ONLY cones

A

Fovea

74
Q

This is why the edges of your visual field are blurred

A

Due to fewer cones on retina

75
Q

Each cone responds to which lights n if all three r stimulated, which color do we see

A

red, green or blue. White

76
Q

missing one or more type of cone. This is known as

A

Colour blindness

77
Q

In your eye, the light coming in is bent (refracted) twice. When when

A

1 in cornea, 1 in lens

78
Q

makes sure that we can see both close and distant objects equally well

A

Lens

79
Q

Ability of the human eye to focus on objects at different distances is known as

A

accommodation

80
Q

is a piece of transparent material (usually glass or plastic) that has one or more curved surfaces

A

lens

81
Q

lens will bend the light rays towards each other

A

Convex lens

82
Q

particularly important in animals with longer ears than humans is ______ which can be moved by the animals to pick up sounds

A

Pinna

83
Q

to pick up sounds very easily and also to find out which direction the sound is coming from

A

Pinna

84
Q

cross section of the cochlea reveals that …..

A

that it is made up of three tubes in one

85
Q

semicircular canals in your inner ear are concerned with …..

A

detection of motion.

86
Q

a very savoury flavour found in foods such as meat, cheese, broth and mushroom

A

Umami

87
Q

reason why you cannot ‘taste’ foods well when suffering from a cold is……

A

with your nasal passages inflamed and coated with mucus, your smell receptors cannot work

88
Q

The utriculus and sacculus are concerned with …….

A

your sense of balance and posture.

89
Q

T/F
The taste sensations you experience are produced by a blending of the five basic sensations in same relative intensities along with the input of smell from your nose.

A

F, different intensities

90
Q

T/F
Much of what is called smell is really taste

A

F, much of what is called taste is really smell

91
Q

Is taste or smell receptors much more sensitive

A

Smell receptors

92
Q

This layer of skin is closely involved in temperature control in homeostasis and in your sense of touch

A

Dermis

93
Q

This skin layer is made up of dead cells and stops water loss and also protect against the entry of pathogens

A

Epidermis

94
Q

layer of skin which helps to insulate the body against heat loss

A

Hypodermis

95
Q

This skin layer contains fatty tissue which is both an energy store and acts as an insulation layer, protecting you against heat loss.

A

Hypodermis

96
Q

Which hormone regulates metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells

A

Thyroxine

97
Q

hormone involved in the long-term chemical control of your body

A

Thyroxine

98
Q

A gland that produces digestive enzymes and manufactures hormones, including insulin and glucagon

A

pancreas

99
Q

our blood sugar levels are perfectly controlled by our ……..

A

pancreas

100
Q

allows glucose to be taken into your body cells and converted into glycogen in the liver

A

Injected insulin

101
Q

T/F
Injected insulin cannot mimic the total control given by the natural production of the pancreas

A

T

102
Q

Who realised that extracts of animal pancreas could be used to keep people with diabetes alive

A

Frederick Banting and Charles Best

103
Q

…….. are the endocrine glands which produce some of the sex hormones

A

gonads

104
Q

helps to trap and funnel sound into the ear

A

pinna

105
Q

forms a waterproof layer around your body tissues

A

Skin

106
Q

What’s the difference between FSH and LH

A

FSH stimulates follicles development to produce sex hormones. LH stimulates egg release and produces progesterone

107
Q

Which hormone helps to maintain the pregnancy

A

progesterone

108
Q

a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries

A

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

109
Q

50% of all fertilised eggs are lost before a woman even realises she is pregnant. Why?

A

This is usually because there is something wrong with the embryo and it cannot develop normally

110
Q

Which contraception method depends on full co-operation of both partners

A

Natural method

111
Q

Which contraception method can interrupt intercourse

A

Condom male

112
Q

Which contraception method offers some protection against cervical cancer

A

Diaphragm or cap

113
Q

Which contraception method must be initially fitted by a doctor

A

Diaphragm or cap

114
Q

Which contraception method may offer some protection against certain tumours

A

Combined pill

115
Q

Which contraception method may increase the risk of certain tumours n cause raised blood pressure and an increased tendency for the blood to clot

A

Pill

116
Q

After how long will we be HIV positive

A

After 3 months, when HIV antibodies appear

117
Q

…… are used to control the reproduction of the virus and slow the progression of HIV-related disease

A

Antiretroviral medications

118
Q

The bodily process of discharging waste matter is called

A

excretion

119
Q

……… is produced in your liver when excess amino acids are broken down

A

Urea

120
Q

…… are where all the filtering and reabsorption takes place in kidney

A

Kidney tubules (nephrons)

121
Q

T/F
The concentration of substances in the liquid in the bowmans capsule is the same as that in the blood itself

A

T

122
Q

…… means passing urine, so ……. means preventing or reducing urine flow

A

Diuresis, anti-diuresis

123
Q

The tube that leads from the bladder to the outside world

A

urethra

124
Q

a ring of muscle that contracts to close an opening

A

sphincter

125
Q

a duct through which urine is discharged

A

urethra

126
Q

Which kidney tubule part has many microvilli to increase the surface area for absorption

A

First coiled tubules

127
Q

In the collecting duct of kidneys, the urine will contain ……

A

1% water n no glucose

128
Q

In the reabsorbtion in first coiled tubules, what is reabsorbed

A

All glucose, 67% ions, 80% of water

129
Q

How much of liquid filtered out of blood is eventually returned back?

A

99%

130
Q

The bladder is a muscular sac which can hold between ………. urine, although we usually empty it when it contains only ………….

A

600 and 800 cm3 , 150–300 cm3

131
Q

urea in the urine than in the blood is about …….. times more

A

60

132
Q

If your body badly needs more water, more may be reabsorbed along the ……….

A

collecting duct

133
Q

Your blood passes through your kidneys at the rate of ……

A

1200 cm3 per minute

134
Q

All the blood in your body passes through your kidneys and is filtered and balanced approximately once every …….

A

five minutes

135
Q

T/F
You sweat to help the body cool down, not to control the ion and water balance of the body

A

T

Biology (15 decks)

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