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Standard of Ur from Royal Tombs
Sumerian title Standard of Ur date(s) 2500 BCE culture/period Sumerian key formal qualities Wood inlaid with shells lapis-lazuli red limestone subject matter War and peace scenes important stylistic elements Narrative composition use of registers historical context Found in Royal Tombs of Ur significant for understanding Sumerian culture Function Possibly used as a musical instrument or standard significant artistic movements or influences associated N/A patronage/commission info N/A any alternate views detailed views or additional images 2-7
Great Pyramids (Menkaura Khafre Khufu) and Great Sphinx
Egyptian title Great Pyramids and Sphinx date(s) 2550 BCE culture/period Old Kingdom key formal qualities Cut limestone monumental scale subject matter Tombs for pharaohs important stylistic elements Geometric shapes alignment with cardinal points historical context Built during the Fourth Dynasty reflect the power of pharaohs Function Funerary monuments significant artistic movements or influences associated N/A patronage/commission info Commissioned by Pharaohs Khufu Khafre Menkaura any alternate views detailed views or additional images 3-8 3-11
King Menkaura and queen (Kahmerenebty)
Egyptian title King Menkaura and queen date(s) 2500 BCE culture/period Old Kingdom key formal qualities Greywacke rigid posture subject matter Pharaoh Menkaura and his queen important stylistic elements Idealized features balanced composition historical context Found in Giza represents power and divinity of the pharaoh Function Funerary statue significant artistic movements or influences associated N/A patronage/commission info N/A any alternate views detailed views or additional images 3-13
The Code of Hammurabi
Babylonian title The Code of Hammurabi date(s) 1750 BCE culture/period Babylonian key formal qualities Basalt inscribed laws subject matter Hammurabi receiving laws from Shamash important stylistic elements Cuneiform script hierarchical scale historical context One of the earliest known law codes Function Legal document significant artistic movements or influences associated N/A patronage/commission info N/A any alternate views detailed views or additional images 2-18
Temple of Aman Re and Hypostyle Hall
Egyptian title Temple of Aman Re and Hypostyle Hall date(s) 1500 BCE culture/period New Kingdom key formal qualities Cut sandstone and mud brick massive columns subject matter Religious temple important stylistic elements Hypostyle hall clerestory lighting historical context Located in Karnak center of worship Function Place of worship for the god Amun significant artistic movements or influences associated N/A patronage/commission info N/A any alternate views detailed views or additional images 3-24 3-25
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepshut and Kneeling Statue
Egyptian title Mortuary Temple of Hatshepshut and Kneeling Statue date(s) 1450 BCE culture/period New Kingdom key formal qualities Sandstone partially carved into rock cliff red granite subject matter Temple and statue of Hatshepsut important stylistic elements Terraced structure axial plan historical context Located in Luxor reflects Hatshepsut’s reign Function Funerary temple for Hatshepsut significant artistic movements or influences associated N/A patronage/commission info Commissioned by Hatshepsut any alternate views detailed views or additional images 3-21
Akhenaton Nefertiti & 3 Daughters
Egyptian title Akhenaton Nefertiti & 3 Daughters date(s) 1350 BCE culture/period Amarna Period key formal qualities Limestone sunken relief subject matter Akhenaton Nefertiti and their children important stylistic elements Elongated forms intimate family scene historical context Reflects the religious revolution under Akhenaton Function Depicts the royal family and their connection to the god Aten significant artistic movements or influences associated Amarna art patronage/commission info N/A any alternate views detailed views or additional images 3-33
Innermost Coffin of King Tutankhamun
Egyptian title Innermost Coffin of King Tutankhamun date(s) 1300 BCE culture/period Amarna Period key formal qualities Gold with inlay of enamel and semi-precious stones subject matter Coffin of Tutankhamun important stylistic elements Detailed craftsmanship use of precious materials historical context Found in the Tomb of Tutankhamun reflects wealth and artistry of the period Function Funerary object to ensure the king’s safe passage to the afterlife significant artistic movements or influences associated N/A patronage/commission info N/A any alternate views detailed views or additional images 3-34
Last Judgment of Hu-nefer (Book of the Dead)
Egyptian title Last Judgment of Hu-nefer date(s) 1300 BCE culture/period New Kingdom key formal qualities Painted papyrus scroll narrative composition subject matter Judgment of the deceased Hu-nefer important stylistic elements Hierarchical scale use of registers historical context Found in Thebes part of the Book of the Dead Function Funerary text to guide the deceased in the afterlife significant artistic movements or influences associated N/A patronage/commission info N/A any alternate views detailed views or additional images 3-1 a b c
Lamassu from citadel of Sargon II
Neo-Assyrian title Lamassu date(s) 700 BCE culture/period Neo-Assyrian key formal qualities Alabaster colossal size subject matter Winged human-headed bull important stylistic elements Combination of human and animal features detailed carvings historical context Found in Khorsabad served as protective guardians Function Guardians of the palace gates significant artistic movements or influences associated N/A patronage/commission info N/A any alternate views detailed views or additional images 6-6
Athenian Agora
Greek title Athenian Agora date(s) 600 BCE culture/period Archaic Greek key formal qualities Plan public space subject matter Civic center important stylistic elements Open-air layout various public buildings historical context Located in Athens central to public life Function Marketplace and gathering place significant artistic movements or influences associated N/A patronage/commission info N/A any alternate views detailed views or additional images Smarthistory link
Anavysos Kouros
Greek title Anavysos Kouros date(s) 500 BCE culture/period Archaic Greek key formal qualities Marble life-sized subject matter Male youth important stylistic elements Idealized form archaic smile historical context Found in Anavyssos reflects Archaic Greek sculpture Function Grave marker significant artistic movements or influences associated N/A patronage/commission info N/A any alternate views detailed views or additional images 6-4
Peplos Kore
Greek title Peplos Kore date(s) 500 BCE culture/period Archaic Greek key formal qualities Marble painted details subject matter Female figure important stylistic elements Archaic smile stylized hair historical context Found in Athens reflects Archaic Greek sculpture Function Votive offering significant artistic movements or influences associated N/A patronage/commission info N/A any alternate views detailed views or additional images 5-10
Sarcophagus of the Spouses
Etruscan title Sarcophagus of the Spouses date(s) 500 BCE culture/period Etruscan key formal qualities Terra cotta detailed carving subject matter Reclining couple important stylistic elements Lively poses expressive faces historical context Found in Cerveteri reflects Etruscan funerary practices Function Funerary object to hold ashes of the deceased significant artistic movements or influences associated N/A patronage/commission info N/A any alternate views detailed views or additional images 6-6
Persopolis: Audience (apadana) Hall of Darius and Xerxes
Persian title Persopolis Audience Hall date(s) 500 BCE culture/period Persian key formal qualities Limestone massive columns subject matter Royal audience hall important stylistic elements Relief carvings depicting processions historical context Found in Persepolis reflects the grandeur of the Persian Empire Function Ceremonial and administrative purposes significant artistic movements or influences associated N/A patronage/commission info N/A any alternate views detailed views or additional images 2-25
