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AP Art HIstory > Chapter 13 (Gothic Europe) > Flashcards

Chapter 13 (Gothic Europe) Flashcards

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1
Q

Characteristics of gothic buildings in general.

A

Tall, thinner walls, stained glass windows. Gothic buildings were intended to emulate the appearance of heaven. Light is very important.

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2
Q

This type of vaulting helped transition from the romanesque to gothic (started in England)

A

Rib vaulting

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3
Q

Gothic means

A

In the style of the goths (German barbarian groups)

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4
Q

Major influence responsible for starting the gothic style.

A

The Crusaders who were amazed by Islamic and Byzantine architecture that was focused on light.

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5
Q

Gothic art began in .

A

The Ile-de-France (area around Paris)

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6
Q

First gothic church in France

A

Saint (San) Denise

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7
Q

Abbot who convinced Louis VII to build the Saint (San) Denise

A

Abbot Suger

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8
Q

How are gothic churches still similar to romanesque churches

A

They are still pilgrimage churches, they still house relics, they still have radiating chapels and an ambulatory. There still is a nave and a transept but the transpet is thinner and the nave is longer, the three tiered interior is kept (arcade, triforium, clerestory)

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9
Q

How are gothic churches different from romanesque churches.

A

They have a longer nave, a thinner transept, thinner walls, more windows and consequently better lit interiors, they have a choir which further elongated the nave. External decoration is present.

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10
Q

Islamic influence in gothic buildings can be seen in the fact that gothic buildings use

A

Pointed arches (also called ogee arches)

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11
Q

iconic type of window in gothic architecture

A

rose windows

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12
Q

new types of ways for bearing weight developed in gothic architecture

A

ribs that go from the ceiling to the floor, flying buttresses, bar tracery keeps entire windows from breaking if one part of the window breaks

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13
Q

Fan vaulting is

A

when rib vaults “fan out” on the ceiling.

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14
Q

In the Gothic period, the focus of intellectual and religious life shifted from monasteries to ____.

A

…cities

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15
Q

The royal portal of Chartres was carved in which style?

A

…Early Gothic

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16
Q

Which of the following figures provides the most direct contrast with the Naumburg figures?

A

…Röttgen Pietà

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17
Q

Laon Cathedral retains many of its Romanesque features. Which of the following is one such feature?

A

…Sexpartite rib vaults

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18
Q

Paris claimed to be the intellectual center of Gothic Europe. Its university faculty and the reputations of its masons supported this claim. Which of the following also provided support for this claim?

A

…It was a center for fine book production.

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19
Q

Introduced in French Gothic architecture at Notre Dame in Paris, ____ is an external support that counters the outward thrust of the nave vaults.

A

…flying buttresses

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20
Q

Fan vaulting was most common in which of the following?

A

…Late Gothic England

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21
Q

Which of the following is considered a masterpiece of the Rayonnant style?

A

…Sainte-Chapelle

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22
Q

Visible on Laon Cathedral, ____ became a standard feature of French Gothic facades.

A

…a rose window

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23
Q

The tympanum from the right portal of Chartres depicts the Virgin and Child, which hearkens back to the Romanesque portrayals of this theme as the Throne of Wisdom. Which of the following is the source for this depiction?

A

…Byzantine Theotokos

24
Q

What pose developed by the “court style” was typical of Late Gothic sculpture?

A

…S-shaped curve

25
Q

Who may have conceived the complicated iconographical portal program for Chartres Cathedral?

A

…Thierry of Chartres

26
Q

Who of the following coined the term Gothic?

A

…Giorgio Vasari

27
Q

Sainte-Chapelle, with its walls of stained glass and delicate ornamentation, is the most representative church of the ____ style.

A

…Rayonnant

28
Q

Indicate which of the following is not a characterization of the changing social conditions in the Gothic period.

A

…Barbarian migrations

29
Q

In Jean Pucelle’s Belleville Breviary, innovative features such as the three-dimensional architectural setting indicate a visit to ____.

A

…Italy

30
Q

Abbot Suger is credited with creating which of the following churches?

A

…Saint-Denis

31
Q

Jean Pucelle illuminated which of the following?

A

…Belleville Breviary

32
Q

Speyer Cathedral was considered the burial church of the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire. Which of the following churches was the burial church for the kings of France?

A

…Saint-Denis

33
Q

The sculptural program of the west facade of Chartres Cathedral proclaims the power and majesty of Jesus Christ. Which of the following elements unites all three doorways of the west portal of Chartres Cathedral?

A

…The episodes from the lives of the Virgin and Christ are carved on the capitals.

34
Q

The High Gothic nave bay, as developed at Chartres, had a ____.

A

…four-part (quadripartite) ribbed vault

35
Q

In the Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux, Mary is shown not only as the mother of Christ, but also as ____.

A

…queen of Heaven

36
Q

The Gothic style is said to have first appeared in which of the following areas?

A

…Burgundy

37
Q

The portal sculptural program for Chartres Cathedral is distinctly different from its Romanesque counterparts. Which of the following accounts for this distinction?

A

…The prominence of Mary in the portal program

38
Q

The 14th-century German sculptures of Ekkehard and Uta at Naumburg are particularly significant because these sculptures conveyed ____.

A

…convincing images of real people

39
Q

Chartres Cathedral purpose

A

It was built to hold a relic. The veil of the Virgin Mary (the veil she was wearing when she gave birth to Jesus)

40
Q

Why was the Chartres Cathedral rebuilt

A

It burned down but the veil of Mary survived which was viewed as a miracle. This caused kings like Richard the Lionheart of England and Phillip of France to donate to an even more extravagant church.

41
Q

What style is the Chartres Cathedral

A

High Gothic

42
Q

Cathedral with two spires that are built from different time periods. One spire is from the early gothic and is comparatively plain to the high gothic spire. The high gothic spire is on the left and the early gothic spire is on the right

A

Chartres Cathedral

43
Q

Ribs went through ____ to reach the ground

A

piers

44
Q

What were stained glass windows a metaphor of

A

The Word of God / The Holy Scriptures

45
Q

The perfection of God and His plan were symbolized by

A

Geometric Perfection (especially circle and square motifs)

46
Q

Mary was viewed as a representative of

A

the ideal woman

47
Q

The status of Women improved because

A

of the importance of Mary

48
Q

side of a doorway

A

jambs

49
Q

“off the wall”

A

Gothic architecture starts to have sculpture more in the round (more 3D)

50
Q

Naturalism begins to reappear in what time period

A

Later Gothic periods (Ex, Reims Cathedral)

51
Q

Moralized Bibles mimicked…

A

The stained glass sculptural appearance of churches (The geometric partitions, similar colors)

52
Q

Moralized Bible commissioned by the mother of King Louis XIV

A

Blanche of Castille and King Louis XIV (1230 CE)

53
Q

Jewish book depicting Passover

A

The Golden Haggadah

54
Q

The Golden Haggadah was probably allowed because

A

It was didactic (educational)

55
Q

Explain how the motif of the cross / crucifixion changed over time

A

Early Christian : Avoided because it was a sign of defeat by the romans

Medieval : Abstracted, not naturalistic (and much of the focus was on Mary anyway)

Late Gothic and Early Reneissance : More naturalistic, emotion is displayed both by viewers of the crucifixion and by Jesus

56
Q

The Röttgen Pietá is not naturalistic, instead it is

A

humanistic (shows emotion)

57
Q

Difference between bar tracery and plate tracery

A

Bar tracery is more window and less filler, plate tracery is more filler and less window

AP Art HIstory (16 decks)

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