Chapter 12 (Romanesque) Flashcards
The Bayeux Tapestry is the conqueror’s version of history. It is a narrative that includes the battle sequences as well as the preparations for war. It is said that this is the most Roman of all Romanesque artworks. Which of the following supports this contention?
…It has often been likened to the frieze from the Arch of Constantine.
The mission of the ____, the earliest crusading knights, was to protect Christians visiting Christian shrines in the Holy Land.
…Knights Templar
The east end of Saint-Étienne at Vignory, which was composed of ____, was innovative.
…an ambulatory and three radiating chapels
Saint-Sernin at Toulouse has been called a “pilgrimage-type” church. Which of the following accounts for this designation?
…It had radiating chapels attached to the transept and ambulatory.
At Pentecost the apostles were called to ____.
…become witnesses of the Gospels to the world
Compound piers are ____.
…piers with attached columns or pilasters
Pilgrims often journeyed to churches to view ____, which were the material remains of holy figures.
…relics
The plan of Saint-Sernin is extremely regular and geometrically precise. It is based on a module seen in earlier church architecture. Which of the following churches is the prototype for this refined and rational structural approach?
…Saint Cyriakus, Gernode
In its three stories in the nave and timber roof, Saint-Étienne at Vignory resembles ____ churches.
…Ottonian
Which church was the burial place of the Holy Roman emperors until the 12th century?
…Speyer Cathedral
____ was the economic system that was gradually replaced by the growth of towns and cities during the Romanesque period.
…Monasticism
Saint Faith at Conques, Saint James at Santiago de Compostela, and Saint-Sernin at Toulouse are all examples of ____ churches.
…pilgrimage
At Saint-Sernin, the ____ served as the module for the proportions of the entire church.
…crossing square
Pilgrims believed that relics could ____.
…heal body and soul
The primary motivation for undertaking a pilgrimage, which was extremely dangerous and could often last a year, was ____.
…to seek salvation or a cure
One of the factors that contributed to the enormous surge in church building during the Romanesque period was the ____.
…thanksgiving experienced at the peaceful conclusion of the first millennium
____ was the artist of one of the earliest sets of Romanesque reliefs at Saint-Sernin.
…Bernardus Gelduinus
The revival of monumental sculpture in the Romanesque period was partially influenced by ____.
…the survival of ancient Roman ruins
The most venerated pilgrimage shrine in the West, outside Rome or Jerusalem, was the ____.
…tomb of Saint James at Santiago de Compostela
The composition and style of Bernardus Gelduinus’s Christ in Majesty at Saint-Sernin was influenced by ____.
…Carolingian or Ottonian metalwork and/or ivories
Although the church of Saint-Étienne at Vignory had some Romanesque features, it retained many elements of Carolingian-Ottonian architecture, including ____.
…a three-story timber roof
Which of the following encouraged the growth of towns and cities?
…An increase in trade
____ is the theft of relics for holy purposes.
…Furta sacra
In contrast to Saint-Étienne at Vignory, the naves of Sant Vicenç and Saint-Philibert are covered by ____.
…stone vaults
The Norman defeat of the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 united all of England and most of France under one rule. The battle leading to this momentous occasion was the topic for the Bayeux Tapestry. Who commissioned this work?
…Bishop Odo
The term Roman-like was adopted to describe the architecture of the Romanesque period because it relied on elements of Roman architecture such as ____.
…groin vaults
In the Romanesque period, church interiors became impressive acoustical settings for church services. Which of the following architectural elements allowed for the excellent acoustics?
…The continuous barrel-vaulted naves
The nave of pilgrimage churches, such as Saint-Sernin at Toulouse and Saint James, were covered by a ____.
…cut-stone barrel vault
The ____ is the covered courtyard in a monastery that expressed the seclusion of the spiritual life and offered a foretaste of paradise.
…cloister
The purpose of tribunes such as those found at Saint James at Santiago de Compostela and Saint-Sernin in Toulouse was ____.
…to house the overflow crowds and to buttress the weight of the vaults
The monks of the ____ order were among the primary patrons of Romanesque sculpture.
…Cluniac
Among those who would be judged favorably in Gislebertus’s Last Judgment are people carrying bags adorned with a shell and a cross. These figures represent ____.
…pilgrims to Jerusalem and Santiago
One of the exceptional features of the interior of Saint-Étienne at Vignory in comparison to other Romanesque churches is ____.
…the presence of decorative carving and sculpture
What purpose did Gislebertus’s image of the Last Judgment on the portal of Saint-Lazare serve?
…It displayed the saint to whom the church was dedicated.
vertical carvings in columns (used at Durham Cathedral)
fluting
Zig zag patterns employed very frequently throughout the Durham Cathedral (including on columns and arch molding)
chevron patterns
Diamond patterns used at durham cathedral on some of the columns
lozenge
Key battle that led to William (Norman king) conquering England
Battle of Hastings
Famous stone in Peterborough Cathedral. Displays Christ, Mary, and some of the saints
Hedda Stone
Cathedral that was developed throughout the romanesque and gothic time periods.
Peterborough Cathedral
Area behind the choir of Peterborough cathedral. Was built during the gothic time period. Functions as an ambulatory
retrochoir
Important saint who laid out strict rules saying that monks should “go back to basic”. He opposed any art that could be viewed as superflous
Saint Bernward
courtyard for reflection used by monks
cloister
Abbey created by Cistercian monks. Very plain in design with no decoration or ornamentation. Adheres to rules set by Saint Bernward.
Cistercian Abbey of Fontenay.
Area above a doorway that is semicircular (lunnette). Typically above the door to the entrance of the church or between the narthex and the nave.
tympanum
Purpose of Tympanum of Vézelay.
Depicts Christ giving His mission to the apostles (go out into the world). This work was commissioned by Abbot Bernard of Clairvaux to convince crusaders to go out and convert non-christians.
mandorla
body halo
Early example of large scale figural sculpture during the Romanesque time period.
Tympanum of Vézelay.
Typanum that is very similar to the Typanum of Vézelay. It depicts the judgement of souls and has an inscription that inspires fear in the viewer that was intended to encourage viewers (literate and illiterate) to seek salvation through the church. It also depicts the saint to which its church is dedicated.
Last Judgement Tympanum, Cathedral of St. Lazarae (Lazarus), Autun
pilaster
square, column
The tomb of Edward the Confessor is located at…
Westminster Abbey
The Bayeux Tapestry is actually
an embroidery (wool woven into fabric)
The Bayeux Tapestry is very similar to
the column of Trajan
The Bayeux tapestry is how long
224 ft (but part of the end is missing, this part likely depicted William being crowned)
The Bayuex tapestry is similar to what style of art
The late Roman because of the way horses are twisted in death in battle.
This type of vaulting helped transition from the romanesque to gothic (started in England)
Rib vaulting
Walls are very thick in romanesque architecture because
They have to support the weight of the roofs.
