good conduct + key moral principles

Question 1

What is justification?

Answer 1

Eschatological (after death/time)

Question 2

What does Paul say about justification by faith in 3:20?

Answer 2

No human will be justified in God’s eyes by works of the law bc for humans to be counted as righteous doesn’t mean they ‘earn’ righteousness

Question 3

What can righteousness not be? Why?

Answer 3

Can’t be ‘earned’ by following the law bc all humans have sinned (original sin) + fallen short of what they should be

Question 4

What does it mean to be judged ‘righteous’ by God?

Answer 4

It can only be a free gift by God’s grace - this gift is redeeming humanity through Jesus’ sacrifice

Question 5

What did Martin Luther propose regarding justification by faith?

Answer 5

Sola fide - justification by faith alone

Question 6

What did Luther claim about good works?

Answer 6

Good works are the result of being a faithful Christian; but faith is relevant to salvation

Question 7

What did the council argue in response to Luther?

Answer 7

Faith was to bring ‘fellowship’ w Jesus; but faith can’t achieve that function unless it was combined w hope + charity

Question 8

What is James’ argument basically saying about faith? Give an example?

Answer 8

What’s faith wo works? If a child is starving + someone says they love them wo doing anything, then it’s useless

Question 9

What does the parable of the sheep + goats tell us about justification?

Answer 9

The sheep go to heaven bc they fed the hunger, visited there sick etc
The goats failed to live up to these examples

Question 10

What is predestination?

Answer 10

All human choices, actions etc have been willed by God

Question 11

What does Paul imply in Romans about predestination?

Answer 11

God predestines some ppl to good moral conduct bc he predestined some ppl to ‘be conformed to the image of his Son’

Question 12

What issue does predestination pose?

Answer 12

The problem of free will

Question 13

What does it mean if ppl do good thinks out of fear of punishment?

Answer 13

It’s not in a sense a free choice; obedience is through fear rather than faith

Question 14

What’s the problem with free will and hell?

Answer 14

If humans freely choose to reject God then torment awaits them; not a free choice
If humans are God’s children; what parent would offer their children this choice + think its good?

Question 15

What is the question of good conduct + predestination?

Answer 15

Why should humans have good conduct if God’s predestined them to heaven or hell

Question 16

What did Pelagius argue?

Answer 16

Everything God created was good so God couldn’t have created humanity in a state of original sin

Question 17

What does Augustine argue about double predestination?

Answer 17

God predestines some to God’s Kingdom through his grace BUT
Leaves others immersed in their sin to be condemned to hell through their choice + works

Question 18

What does Paul preach about in Romans?

Answer 18

God foreknows who will freely accept him so these are predestined to salvation; those who reject him will die + cease to exist

Question 19

What is sanctity?

Answer 19

Holy/sacred to God

Question 20

What does human life have acc to the Sanctity of Life Principle? What does this mean?

Answer 20

Intrinsic value
Value for its own sake

Question 21

What is the strong sanctity of life principle?

Answer 21

All human life is sacred to God + its morally impermissible to allow contraception, abortion or euthanasia for ANY REASON

Question 22

What is the weak sanctity of life principle?

Answer 22

All human life is sacred to God + sanctity of life must be taken into consideration w issues of life + death BUT so does the situation

Question 23

What’s an example of the quality of life principle?

Answer 23

Someone who’s on a life support machine w no real hope of recovery + has shown a clear wish not to be on a machine; the sanctity of life principle may no longer apply

Question 24

What does the strong sanctity life principle say about status of embryo’s?

Answer 24

Personhood begins at the point of conception; all necessary genetic material that’ll form the person born is already present

Question 25

What wouldn’t ppl do in terms of Jesus’ conception?

Answer 25

Ppl wouldn’t suggest that Jesus at conception was a legit. target for embryo experimentation/abortion

Question 26

What does the strong sanctity of life principle believe about embryo experimentation?

Answer 26

It’s extremely immoral despite future benefits + potential - it’s equivalent to murder

Question 27

What does the strong sanctity of life principle also argue about genetic selection?

Answer 27

Although it means parents can check for genetic conditions; it can contribute to a dystopia where parents can create a super race
SSOLP values all children for what they are

Question 28

What does the Strong sanctity of life principle argue about abortion? give an example

Answer 28

It destroys the fact that humans were created in gods image
E.g. in the case of rape, the child’s ‘sanctity of life’ can override the ‘quality of life’ of the mother

Question 29

What did Poland want to do?

Answer 29

Make all abortions illegal w the mother facing up to 5 years in prison

Question 30

What does the Church of England say about abortion?

Answer 30

In the case of rape or if the mothers life is in danger, or if she/the child may suffer abuse quality of life can override the embryo’s sanctity of life

Question 31

What do Protestant Christians say?

Answer 31

Quality of life principle applies to the foetus too: if the foetus will be subj. to severe mental/physical disability

Question 32

What does the Church of England allow? Why?

Answer 32

Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis + embryo experimentation under strict cntrl
God given knowledge should be used, where possible to impr. human condition

Question 33

What’s jus ad bellum?

Answer 33

A condition where it’s legit. to go to war

Question 34

What’s jus in bello?

Answer 34

Rules under which war must be fought once it’s begun

Question 35

What are the 6 jus ad bellum principles?

Answer 35

• Has to be a just cause
• Can only be declared by a legit. authority
• Fought w right intention
• Reasonable probability of success
• War must be a last resort
• Must be proportionality

Question 36

What are the 2 ius in bello principles?

Answer 36

• Discrimination: non combatants mustn’t be directly attacked
• Proportionality of means to an end

Question 37

What are the 3 weapons of mass destruction?

Answer 37

Nuclear weapons
Chemical weapons
Biological weapons

Question 38

Give an example of a nuclear weapon incident? What does this do?

Answer 38

Chernobyl
Environmental effect, lethal radiation, heat would reach up to several million degrees

Question 39

Give examples of chemical weapons? What are the effects?

Answer 39

Mustard gas, cyanide, sarin, VX
Injury/death
VX gas can make a combat no go area so human/animal life forms would be inevitable casualties

Question 40

What is biological warfare?

Answer 40

Bacteria/viruses - insects used to deliver infections through bites etc
Contamination of water/food

Question 41

What do theologians say about weapons of mass destruction + discrimination?

Answer 41

They won’t discriminate: equally likely to kill non combatants than military targets
So they breach the Just War principle of discrimination

Question 42

What is said about weapons of mass destruction + proportionality?

Answer 42

Breaches jus ad bellum + jus in bello bc the damage caused can never be proportionate to the good it’s aimed at

Question 43

What relevance is the probability of success w weapons of mass destruction?

Answer 43

Can cause a mass amount of casualties + environmental destruction on both sides
Current progress in WOMD may make it possible for us to destroy Earth entirely in a few decades
No probability of success

Question 44

Why can’t the Just War theory be applied to weapons of mass destruction?

Answer 44

Bc the evil caused by them would be un-proportionate to the hope for good effects

Question 45

What do some Christians think about WOMD?

Answer 45

They can’t be destroyed + countries won’t give up nuclear weapons

Question 46

What is dominion?

Answer 46

Humans have a right over animals

Question 47

What is the idea of dominion as unrestricted power over animals?

Answer 47

Humans were made ‘little less than God’ w dominion over what he made
Humans were created in imago Dei
Earth is to be ruled by humans

Question 48

What effect does the idea of dominion as unrestricted power over animals cause?

Answer 48

Detrimental to the care of the environment + animals aren’t valued w care but for how useful they are to animals

Question 49

What does Dominion as caring stewardship over animals + environment mean?

Answer 49

Humans are caretakers of God’s creation who are fully responsible in what they do