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christianity > christianity, gender + sexuality > Flashcards

christianity, gender + sexuality Flashcards

1
Q

What was the 19th century era called?

A

Enlightenment period

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2
Q

What did men, women + single girls do in the 19th cent?

A

Men: travelled to work in factories/offices
Wives: stayed at home
Single girls: sent to work in service in wealthy homes

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3
Q

What was believed men + women should do in the 19th cent?

A

Men: manual+military labour
Woman: weaker; stay at home to educate children

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4
Q

What happened by 1848?

A

Bedford College+Queen’s College London trained women to become teachers

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5
Q

Where does Paul urges women+men to pray for authority, they might as well live in structures they find themselves in?

A

Timothy 2:8-15

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6
Q

Who were married women the property of in 19th cent? What did this mean?

A

Property of their husbands; having made over to him all rights over their own bodies regarding sex

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7
Q

Where were women being increasingly accepted in the 19th cent?

A

Medical field, charitable work + social welfare

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8
Q

What happened to the women during the First World War?

A

They’d be increasingly accepted into jobs trad. taken by men

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9
Q

What was liberal theology?

A

Attempt to show the relevance of religious ideas in modern life
Present Christian faith in a way that was compatible w science + modern thought

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10
Q

What’s the first thing Biblical criticism examines?

A

Original lang. in which scripture was written to make sure translated words ref. the meaning the authors intended

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11
Q

What’s the second thing Biblical criticism examines?

A

Looks at the form of each piece of writing to find the context in which it should be understood

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12
Q

What’s the third things Biblical criticism looks at?

A

Background to each passage of scripture commonly held views of the day

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13
Q

Why did Barth challenge the liberal approach to Biblical criticism?

A

The Christian message in the Bible isn’t a development of Enlightenment values
It’s wrong to say human reason can be used to judge scripture

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14
Q

What did fundamentalist/liberalism say about Biblical criticism?

A

God’s word was clear; it’s wrong to study it critically bc it would undermine the straightforward meaning

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15
Q

What did Jesus accept?

A

Women among his followers as well as social/religious outcasts

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16
Q

Where do women play a significant part? Give 2 examples

A

New Testament
Mary, mother of Jesus + Mary of Mandala

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17
Q

What does Timothy 2:8-15 say about gender?

A

Paul urges women+men to pray for authority, they might as well live in structures they find themselves in

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18
Q

What does Natural Law suggest?

A

Ppl should live in the way that reflects inherent nature
If men+women have diff natures, it follows that they should take diff lives

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19
Q

What is Apostolic Succession?

A

Bishops of the Church are consecrates in a line of succession that goes unbroken back to the apostles - only men were appointed

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20
Q

What did the ordination the Vatican declared in the 70s?

A
  • Ordination of women in the Early Church was limited to minority sects + condemned
  • The Church follows Christ himself in choosing only men for his ministry
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21
Q

What is priesthood of all believers?

A

The idea that all are equal before God + there’s no need for God’s grace to be mediated through a priest

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22
Q

How were women seen during the Protestant Reformation?

A

Women were seen to need protection; either within families or by marriage
Secular role of women was seen as equal to those in monastic life

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23
Q

What is ‘the glass ceiling’?

A

Women are allowed to compete w men at all levels, but in practice there’re mire men than women in senior roles

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24
Q

Why did ppl oppose the ordination of women?

A

Bc the Church of England didn’t have authority to overturn tradition of male-only ordained ministry in the Apostolic succession

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25
Q

What happened in March 12th 1994?

A

32 women were ordained as priests in the Church of England

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26
Q

Who was the Church of England’s first female bishop? When?

A

Libby Lane; 2015

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27
Q

What does the Bishop do?

A

Ordains priests, + the sacrament of confirmation for those who’ve been prepared to become full members of Church

28
Q

What did Traditionalists argue?

A

Ordination performed by women wouldn’t be valid bc she couldn’t continue trad. of male ordination going back to apostles

29
Q

What did Anglo Christians say?

A

Insisted they wouldn’t accept the ‘oversight’ of a female bishop or any bishop who consecrated female priests

30
Q

What do those who follow a conservative view feel today?

A

Reject ordination of women
Found themselves unable to accept authority of Church

31
Q

What is the liberal strand of feminist theology?

A

Presents patriarchal system as illogical

32
Q

What is the biblical strand of feminist theology?

A

Looks at God as being loving/carings - qualities attributed to women

33
Q

What is the radical strand of feminist theology?

A

Moved beyond Christianity
Seeks to find ways to speak to God that are true to our present ways of thinking

34
Q

What is Daphne Hampson?

A

A post Christian theologian

35
Q

What does Hampson believe about patriarchal baggage?

A

Christian story that was true in 1st cent. means patriarchal baggage has been brought to the 21st cent.

36
Q

What are the 2 quotes from Hampson about Christianity?

A

“Christianity is a patriarchal religion bound to a sexist past”
Its “irredeemably sexist”

37
Q

What doesn’t Daphne Hampson believe Christianity isn’t true?

A

Since the Enlightenment we know there isn’t a 1-off event that breaks laws of nature (resurrection)
And there can’t be 1 person who has a diff kind of relationship w God than others

38
Q

Why doesn’t Hampson think Christianity is moral?

A

Doesn’t think ppl should refer to a revelation in history or a transcendent God + should take responsibility for themselves

39
Q

What does Hampson believe about past+present w Christianity?

A

It’s rooted in the patriarchal context in which it developed + can’t be freed from that context
Bringing Christianity to the present brings the patriarchy to the present

40
Q

What does Hampson believe Christianity does in terms of men + women?

A

Makes men look like the norm; women look like secondary or other

41
Q

What does Rosemary Radford Reuther believe about Christianity?

A

The message of Christianity is 1 of liberation + it’s a religious culture which can be re-stated in fem. terms

42
Q

What does Reuther point out Jesus did that shows fem. love?

A

Sides w oppressed + outcasts incl. women in order to liberate them

43
Q

What quote show Jesus’ criticism,s of the way rules were used to forbid acts of charity in the Sabbath? Where?

A

“The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath” - Mark

44
Q

What does Reuther call Jesus? Why?

A

Androgynous
He presents fem traits of healing + caring and male traits of power + authority

45
Q

What is the context of Jesus carrying the punishment?

A

For sin as part of a scheme based on authority in a patriarchal society dominated by a male view of God

46
Q

What was the quote from Reuther?

A

“I believe Christianity can sustain a feminist interpretation”

47
Q

What did early Christians believe in terms of celibacy?

A

The end of the world was coming so they should prepare for that, rather than children

48
Q

What did Paul say about urges during early Christianity where ppl though the end of the world was coming? Where?

A

“If they cannot control themselves, they should marry, it’s better to marry than burn w passion
-Corinthians

49
Q

What did the celibate life mean for women in the 4th cent?

A

Provided an intellectual environment where they could flourish, freed from male domination

50
Q

What do the Orthodox Church believe about celibacy?

A

Priests can marry when they’re ordained by can’t marry after ordination
Bishops can’t marry

51
Q

What did marriage as a sacrament mean in the Church?

A

Special means of receiving God’s grace

52
Q

What was marriage in the protestant Reformation?

A

Encouraged - family was seen as God’s blessing on the union of husband + wife

53
Q

What does the Roman Catholic teach about marriage?

A

Sacramental; causes profound change in souls; 2 individuals become ‘one flesh’ in marriage
Divorce isn’t possible

54
Q

What did the Roman Catholic say about divorcees?

A

Were excluded from Holy Communion if they remarry bc they’re living a life of sin

55
Q

What do Protestant Churches say about divorces?

A

Don’t believe it’s a sacrament so marriage can be dissolved
P would agree it means the couple failed to live up to God’s high standards

56
Q

What’s an issue raised when Christianity tries to put historical views in context of modern society?

A

Legal reg. of marriage doesn’t require a religious ceremony, so Christian element can be seen as an ‘optional extra’

57
Q

When did Churches of all denominations no longer regard homosexuality as a sin?

A

End of 1950s

58
Q

What followed the legalisation of homosexuality? When?

A

Lesbian + Gay Christian Movement in the UK 1961

59
Q

What do some see God as Creator as affirmation for?

A

God has made gay men + women, bisexual + transgender ppl

60
Q

What does Leviticus say about homosexuality?

A

“Don’t have sexual relations w a man as 1 does w a woman; that’s detestable”

61
Q

What is a Christian argument against being transgender?

A

Ppl are made by God so God (doesn’t make mistakes) + gave transgender ppl their body so they should be content w it

62
Q

What did the Early Church disapprove of? Give example

A

Surgery that tampers w sexual identity
Eunuchs (men who were castrated) weren’t permitted to be ordained as a priest

63
Q

What is a Christian argument for being transgender?

A

God created all in his image; men + women so God’s nature includes men and women; changing gender is just emphasising one aspect of God’s image over another

64
Q

What does Paul say that can be suggestive of changing gender not mattering?

A

“There’s no slave nor free; nor is there male or female, you are all one in Christ Jesus”

65
Q

What does the Church of England say today about homosexuality?

A

Gay ppl can be ordained if they’re in a stable relationship + don’t engage in homosexual, sexual acts

christianity (9 decks)

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