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christianity > christianity + the challenge of secularisation > Flashcards

christianity + the challenge of secularisation Flashcards

1
Q

How is secularisation increasing?

A
  • Decrease in Church attendance
  • Decrease in weddings, baptism, funerals in Church
  • Increase in liberal views on sexual ethics+gender
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2
Q

What did the 2021 Census say?

A

For the 1st time ever, the no. of Christians in the UK has fallen below 50%; other religions are increasing BUT more ppl said pagan than atheist

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3
Q

What did the Protestant Reformation cause?

A

Became possible to hold individual beliefs that didn’t conform to nat. religion - science led to ppl thinking God wasn’t necessary

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4
Q

What did the 19th century lead to?

A

Ppl started seeing faith as a personal commitment

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5
Q

Why did Martin Luther protest against the Catholic Church?

A

He disagreed w the Priests who charged+prayed harder so dead loved ones could get into heaven

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6
Q

What was secular morality in the 19th century?

A

Morality was similar to religious morality, with the religious side removed

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7
Q

What is humanism?

A

The belief that ppl can live good lives wo religious/superstitious beliefs

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8
Q

What did Augustine believe in the 5th century?

A

Saw Christianity is smth that a person commits to in a personal way

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9
Q

What was the Peace of Westphalia in 15th cent.?

A

Those whose religion wasn’t the same as the state religion, should be free to practise in private

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10
Q

Why are the 2 reasons religion is increasingly being seen as a personal matter?

A
  • No. of ppl who choose not to belong to any religion is rising (atheists/agnostics)
  • Those in a religious trad. may insist that its not enough to just attend worship etc but should be convinced+committed to the religion
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11
Q

What is religion said to be?

A

‘Relegated’ to personal sphere where it’s seen as entirely a matter of personal choice+conviction

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12
Q

What is liberation theology?

A

Movement in Christianity which is based on Marxist views about society
Helping liberate ppl from oppression caused by poverty+powerlessness

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13
Q

What does ‘New Age spiritualities’ offer?

A

Individualised/local framework for ppl to explore ideas about meaning of life

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14
Q

What is militant atheism?

A

Belief in existence of God, life after death, miracles etc isn’t logical or based on evidence; so it’s irrational to believe in them

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15
Q

What does militant atheism blame religion for?

A

Blame religion for wars, inhumane treatment of other ppl + for ‘dumbing down’ human thought

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16
Q

What do some say militant atheists ignore?

A

Instances where conflict has been waged by atheist regimes (e.g. Soviet Union)
Disregard the way religion has contributed to intellectual development+human flourishing

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17
Q

What is the straw man fallacy?

A

-Ignore the real argument
-Create a pretend argument
-Defeat the pretend argument
-Claim victory over the real argument

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18
Q

What have ppl accused militant atheists of? Why?

A

The straw man fallacy
They define religious beliefs in over simplified terms, or attribute extreme views to all believers then scorn said views

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19
Q

What do militant atheists believe about religious beliefs?

A

They’re irrational

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20
Q

What is materialism?

A

Status in society is measured by wealth+possessions rather than by wisdom, virtue+intelligence

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21
Q

What did Jesus argue in the New Testament?

A

Poor ppl were blessed bc their sit. was going to be revered w the coming Kingdom of God

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22
Q

What is said in a parable in Luke?

A

Rich man contrasted w beggar who’s left hoping for scraps that fall from the rich mans plate
The rich man goes to a place of sugaring + the poor man enjoys comfort in heaven beside Abraham

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23
Q

What doesn’t Jesus do?

A

Condemn wealth; but he says its difficult for a rich man to enter heaven bc wealth can be seen as a distraction

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24
Q

What’s monastic tradition?

A

Men+women deliberately gave up personal wealth+lived in voluntary poverty

25
Q

What’s the Prosperity Gospel?

A

Form of Christianity which sees wealth, status+privilege as rewards from God for strong faith

26
Q

How do some Christians see wealth?

A

Gift from God; but they feel an obligation to share their wealth

27
Q

What does Dawkns believe about the God Hypothesis in ‘The God Delusion’?

A
  • Religion depends on belief in God (God Hypothesis)
  • God Hypothesis is flawed, God doesn’t exist
28
Q

What does Dawkins believe about religion?

A
  • Religion’s a primitive error that spread like a virus
  • Undermines science
  • Causes division
  • Teaching children about religion is abuse
29
Q

What do the McGraths say?

A

Science + religion are 2 diff. spheres; science isn’t in the position to criticise religion

30
Q

What does the God Delusion raise?

A

Issues about homosexuality, slavery, freedom, abortion etc in the Bible

31
Q

What is it argued that Dawkins criticises?

A

Minority view’s that aren’t shared by most Christians but he assumes such views rep. Christianity as a whole

32
Q

What does Dawkins claim about children?

A

They might be deprived of a normal education bc their parents hold religious views that conflict w normal education

33
Q

What do the McGrath’s say Dawkins chooses to oppose? Why?

A

Fundamentalism; it’s an easy target for reason/evidence
He ignores the liberal approach

34
Q

What do the McGraths say that is flawed?

A

They think atheism is an excuse for immorality

35
Q

What do the McGraths say Dawkins suffers w? What is this?

A

Cognitive bias
Favours evidence that supports the view he already has

36
Q

What’s the aim of Fresh Expressions?

A

Evangelical aim

37
Q

What does Fresh Expressions deal w?

A

Religious values+expressions in ordinary, secular situations
Language is Jesus centred

38
Q

What does Fresh Expressions explore?

A

Life+attitudes of Jesus + how they may be reliant today, rather than beliefs or rituals

39
Q

What does Fresh Expressions work alongside?

A

Ppl outside trad. churches
Mix w ppl who aren’t conventionally religious, in the way that Jesus did

40
Q

How does Fresh Expressions communicate?

A

Informal chat about Christianity; works within secular life
Direction+meaning in life

41
Q

What is Fresh Expressions not trying to do? What are they doing instead?

A

Not trying to persuade ppl that God exists
Bridges the gap bet. the world + current church

42
Q

What does House Church movement believe about society? What do they reestablish?

A

Sees modern secular society as hostile to Christianity
Re-establish the practices of the Early Church when Rom. society was hostile to Christianity

43
Q

When was the House Church movement established?

A

1960s

44
Q

What did the House churchmen do?

A

Sep. from control, structures + doctrines
Guided by Holy Spirit

45
Q

Who was the House Church movement developed for?

A

Ppl who wanted to meet+worship free from formal restraints of worship in Church buildings
Mainly black ppl who didn’t feel welcome

46
Q

What’s the focus of the House Church Movement?

A

Community + healing
Focuses on power to heal; in some ways its secular but there’s some focus on religious teachings

47
Q

What does the House Church Movement not discuss?

A

Don’t discuss whether God exists, but focuses on individual experiences

48
Q

What examples are there that the House Church Movement is still based on some understandings of the bible?

A

Healing the sick, casting out demons

49
Q

How is Christianity still socially relevant?

A
  • Teachings engage w ppl in society today
  • Actions of Christians can engage w lives of ppl in society today
  • The teachings+actions work for change within society
50
Q

What dies a ‘quietist’ argue?

A

Everything can be left in God’s hands + Christians shouldn’t engage in social/political action

51
Q

Why might those who don’t attend church still feel a sense of attachment to a Church building?

A
  • Rep a place where they/relatives were married + loved ones were buried
  • Sense of permanence in the world
52
Q

What does a Liberationist think about political issues today?

A

You can be religious + fight for injustice
Inspired by Jesus in New Testament

53
Q

What’s an example of Liberationists speaking out against injustice?

A

Roman Catholic priests who spoke out against government in Latin America

54
Q

Who were the 2 priests who are known for their speaking out against injustice in Latin America?

A

Gutierrez
Boff

55
Q

What did the Pope disagree w?

A

Using Jesus in political movements

56
Q

What did Liberationists want to do?

A

Change society to promote justice + give power to the poor + powerless

57
Q

What did Traditionalists believe?

A

Primary concern of the church was to be support the poor by offering spiritual aid to individuals

58
Q

Who was Oscar Romero?

A

Priest who spoke against the government and was assassinated whilst saying Mass at a cancer hospice

christianity (9 decks)

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