Goals Flashcards
goals (3)
- end results that require action
- purpose toward which much of behaviour is directed
- things people are trying to accomplish
what are the 3 classifications of goals
- by time
- by role
- by type
how are goals classified by time (3)
- short term (less than 3 months)
- intermediate (3 months - 1 year)
- long term (over 1 year)
how are goals classified by role (4)
- personal
- professional
- societal
- familial
how are goals classified by type (2)
- primary
- secondary (which often lead to primary)
what are the characteristics of an effective goal (5)
SMART:
- specific
- measurable
- achievable but challenging
- relevant
- time specific
what are the reasons that people fail to reach personal goals? (3)
- lack clear, specific goals
- fail to monitor progress toward the goal
- do not possess sufficient self-regulatory strength to maintain pursuit of goal when obstacles or distractions are encountered
how can we overcome limits to self-regulatory strength (3)
- exhibit readiness to pursue the goal at this particular time
- have self-efficacy/sense of confidence in ability to perform actions needed to lead to desire outcome
- careful planning, implementing, or automate goal pursuit by forming habits
what are some strategies for overcoming obstacles to goals (3)
- divide large goals into smaller ones
- set deadlines, monitor and evaluating meeting deadlines for the goal
- friend or family member can discuss progress toward goal
autonomy (3)
- quality or state of being self-governing
- doing what you want and not what others tell you to do
which goals usually lead to success
- goals that are more autonomous and carefully planned
motivation
- the vigour, drive, and persistence of movement toward goals or other desired outcomes
motivational process (2)
- actual state –> desired state
- tensions creates a drive to reduce or eliminate the discrepancy or fulfill the need
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (5)
- physiological needs
- safety
- belongingness and love
- esteem
- self-actualization
what are McClelland’s 3 Primary Needs
- the need for achievement: seek to get ahead and strive for success
- the need for affiliation: to make friends, join groups, associate with others
- the need for power: to obtain and exercise control over others
what are the characteristics of high achievers? (2)
- pursue goals that are challenging, yet attainable through hard work, ability, determination, and persistence
- see their success as a result of their own talents, abilities, and hard work
what are the characteristics of low achievers? (3)
- not willing to take chances when it comes to testing their own skills and abilities
- when they fail, they usually give up quickly
- take a low or a high risk
what are the two types of motivation
- intrinsic or extrinsic
intrinsic motivation
- pleasure or value derived from the work or activity itself
extrinsic motivation
- forces external to the individual such as outside rewards
extrinsic vs intrinsic motivation: which projects usually get done (2)
- extrinsically motivated as we HAVE to do them
- intrinsic motivated ones tend to be put off until extrinsic ones are completed
what are the characteristics of good extrinsic rewards (4)
- specific
- given immediately after a good work performance
- valued by receiver
- equitable
interactive values-goal model (5)
- identify goal desired
- values
- goal formation and commitment
- goal-seeking behaviour
- goal attainment, rejection, or reformulation
habits
- repetitive, often unconscious, patterns of behaviour like brushing one’s teeth
performance goals
- emphasize outcomes or actions
creativity goals
- characterized by someone wanting to do new things or to be original, rather than to just master a skill
learning goals
- emphasize gaining of competence
optimism
- tendency or a disposition to expect the best outcome or to think hopefully about a situation
optimism bias
- the belief that things will get better
resilience
- ability to overcome obstacles and to achieve positive outcomes even after experiencing extreme difficulties
goal disengagement
- some goals have to be let go or sharply redefined
- can be behavioural, affective (change in feelings) of motivational
