Glucagon

Question 1

Glucagon Introduction

Answer 1

• A hyperglycaemic agent that increases blood glucose concentration by activating hepatic glucose production and decreasing GI motility
• Onset: 4-7 minutes; duration 10-40 minutes

Question 2

Glucagon Indications

Answer 2

For demonstrated hypoglycaemia where oral glucose cannot be administered and IV access cannot be obtained in a safe and timely manner.

Altered conscious state in a known diabetic or of otherwise unknown cause where blood glucose level is below 4mmol/L.

Question 3

2 Glucagon Contras

Answer 3

Hypersensitivity.
Known pheochromocytoma, insulinoma, glucagonoma

Question 4

Glucagon Presentation

Answer 4

1mg in 1ml

Question 5

Glucagon Precautions / Notes

Answer 5

• Glucagon is effective in treating hypoglycaemia only if sufficient liver glycogen is present (eg: it does not work on alcohol or anorexia induced hypoglycaemia).
• Give complex carbohydrates orally when patient has responded to prevent recurrent hypoglycaemia
• Even if fully recovered, patients should be encouraged to be transported to a medical facility to ensure effective follow up and review.

Question 6

3 Glucagon Special Considerations (Side Effects)

Answer 6

Nausea/vomiting
Gastric pain
Transient rise of blood pressure for patients taking beta blockers.