Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal > Glomerulonephritis > Flashcards

Glomerulonephritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is glomerulonephritis (GN)?

A

An autoimmune condition that targets the glomerulus

Mediated by antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do patients, in general, present with haematuria and proteinuria?

Link to damage to the glomerules

A

Haematuria -> damage to the endothelial/mesangium cells (proliferative)

Proteinuria -> damage to the podocytes/basement membrane (non-proliferative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 important drugs used in HTN management in patients with GN?

What is the other drug used to manage?

A
  • Statin - reduce hypercholestremia (present in nephrotic syndrome)
  • ACEi - help to reduce proteinuria (can induce AKI but important for management of chronic kidney conditions)

Steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the buzzword on renal biopsy for rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

A

Crescentic glomerulonephritis

think of the moon quickly changing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

RBC analysis on haematuria is rarely used now but why are dysmorphic RBC a sign of glomerular dysfunction as opposed to the blood being from a bleed further down the urinary system?

A

Dysmorphic RBC -> squeezed through the glomeruli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does proteinuria do to the blood?

A

Causes hypoalbuminaemia (albumin is the main protein found in the blood)

Causes hypercholestermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How much protein needs to be found in the blood before it is defined as nephrotic syndrome?

A

3g/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In nephrotic syndrome the patient is often urinating normally so why do they get such significant oedema?

A

Significant protein loss reduces BP -> body retains H20 and Na+ to try increase BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does glomerulonephritis present?

A

Proteinuria and microscopic haematuria

~Nephritic and nephrotic syndrome
- more commonly nephrotic syndrome

HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If steroids aren’t tolerated or aren’t sufficient what other drug may be offered?

A

Monoclonal antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common cause of NEPHROTIC SYNDROME to affect children?

If a child presents with nephrotic syndrome what should be done immediately?

A

Minimal change disease

Give steroids - assume it is minimal change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common cause of NEPHROTIC SYNDROME in adults?

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is IgA nephropathy also known as?

What is seen on histology?

A

Berger’s disease

  • most common cause of PRIMARY GN

IgA deposits and glomerular mesangial proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A patient presents to clinic with haemoptysis and acute renal failure. You suspect this could be a condition assoc. with antibodies. What antibodies would you be looking for?

A

Suspect Goodpasture’s or Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Goodpastures - anti-GBM
GPA - cANCA +ve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Are patients with post streptococcal glomerulonephritis most likely to present with nephrotic or nephritic syndrome?

A

Nephritic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The most common type of GN overall on histology shows ‘IgG and complement deposits on the basement membrane”.

What is this condition?

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

17
Q

How may the urine appear if there is high concentrations of protein in it?

A

Frothy

18
Q

What 3 things does nephrotic syndrome predispose a patient to?

A

HTN
High cholesterol
Thrombosis

19
Q

Vasculitis can cause glomerulonephritis. What are the two types which can cause and their associated antibodies?

A

GPA = cANCA

Microscopic polyangittis - pANCA

20
Q

How will GPA/sarcoidosis appear on renal biopsy?

A

Granulomas

21
Q

What Ig is associated with Goodpastures?

A

Linear IgG on immunofluorescence

22
Q

What presents with ‘spikes on silver stain’?

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

23
Q

IgA neuropathy most commonly occurs in kids and young males following what?

A

URTI

GI viral infection

24
Q

What appears as tram tracks on silver staining?

A

Membranoproliferative

25
Q

What kind of GN NEEDS electron microscopy for diagnosis?

A

Membranous

26
Q

What are the two types of GN that are associated with sore throats?

Which one will present at the same time as throat symptoms and which one will present after?

A

IgA nephropathy - present at same time as sore throat

Post-streptococcal GN - present several days/weeks after

Renal (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions