Anatomy - Lower Repro Tract + Male Reproductive Tract

Question 1

What separates the abdo cavity/false pelvis from pelvic cavity?

What separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum?

Answer 1

Abdo cavity from pelvic cavity = pelvic inlet

Pelvic cavity from perineum = pelvic floor muscles e.g. levator ani

Question 2

Do the ureters pass anterior or posterior to the common iliac vessels to enter the pelvis?

Answer 2

Anterior

Question 3

At what anatomical landmark do the ureters turn medially to enter the bladder?

On what part of the bladder do they enter and through what?

Answer 3

Ischial spine

Ureteric orifices on posterior surface

Question 4

What is the ‘trigone’?

Answer 4

The 2 ureteric orifices and internal urethral orifices form a triangle shape of smooth lining in the otherwise rough/bumpy inner lining of the bladder

Question 5

Where is the prostate in regards to the bladder?

Answer 5

Inferior

Question 6

What is the deepest pouch when standing in males?

Same for females?

Answer 6

Males = rectovesicle pouch

Females = rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)

Question 7

Describe the position of the ureter in regard to the uterine tube and vans deferens?

remember the wee saying

Answer 7

‘Water under the bridge’

Runs inferior to the vans deferens (posterior surface of the bladder)

Runs posterior to the uterine tubes and uterine arteries

Question 8

What muscle make up the majority of the bladder wall?

Answer 8

Detrusor muscle

Question 9

What prevents the backflow of urine to the ureter?

Answer 9

Detrusor muscle fibres form a sphincter around the ureteric orifices which contracts

Question 10

What is different about the internal urethral orifice between males and females?

Answer 10

Males have an internal urethral orifice which contracts during ejaculation to prevent backflow of sperm into bladder

Question 11

The bladder is found in the pelvic cavity.

How does this change when the bladder is full?

Answer 11

When the bladder is full it stretches up past the pubic bone and becomes part of the abdominal cavity

Question 12

What surface of the bladder is covered in peritoneum?

Answer 12

Superior surface only

Question 13

At what anatomical landmark is the voluntary external urethral sphincter found?

Answer 13

Same level as pelvic floor muscles

Question 14

Once the male urethra leaves the bladder it passes through 2 organs and has 2 different names

Answer 14

Prostate - prostatic urethra

Penis (corpus spongiosum) - spongy urethra

Question 15

What is contained in the spermatic cord?

What canal does it pass through?

Answer 15

Testicular artery
Pampiniform venous plexus
Vas deferens

Inguinal canal

Question 16

What are is the name for the 3 heavy vascularised segments of the penis that become engorged during an erection?

Where are they positioned in the penis?

Answer 16

Corpus spongiosis - anterior surface (ant. when erect)

2x (right and left) corpus cavernosum (posterior)

Question 17

What is the name for the sac the testis sit in?

What is the name for when excess fluid gets between the visceral and parietal layers of this sac?

Answer 17

Tunica vaginalis

Hydrocele

Question 18

Describe the asymmetry between venous drainage of left and right testes?

Answer 18

Right -> IVC

Left -> L renal vein

Question 19

What part of the prostate is felt on digital examination of the anus?

Why is this clinically relevant?

Answer 19

Peripheral zones

Most cancers occur in the peripheral zones

Question 20

How does semen get into the urethra?

Answer 20

Ejaculatory ducts are in the prostatic urethra

Question 21

Where does the penis get its blood supply?

Where does the scrotum get its blood supply?

Answer 21

Penis - internal iliac artery -> internal pudendal

Scrotum
- internal and external iliac arteries

Question 22

What is different about lymph drainage of testes as opposed to scrotum and penis?

Answer 22

testes - lumbar (more superior - think of embryological development on posterior wall)

Scrotum and penis - superficial inguinal lymph nodes