Global Health And Human Development Flashcards
Developing country
A country that has not progressed adequately with regard to economic, demographic and mortality indicators.
Primary production
The process of producing natural products for human use such as plants and animals.
Subsistence farming
Self-sufficient farming carried out by individuals to provide food for themselves and their family.
Gross National Income (GNI)
A measure that reflects the economic state of a country. GNI is the total income generated by a country in a 12 month period once expenses owing to other countries have been paid.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
A measure that reflects the economic state of a country. GDP is the value of all goods and services produced in a country in a 12 month period.
Per capita
Per person
Colonisation
The process of establishing settlements in a region by people who are from a different place.
Developed country
A country that has progressed adequately with regard to economic, mortality and demographic indicators.
Human development (broken down)
CREATING AN ENVIRONMENT THAT ASSISTS PEOPLE TO:
- develop their full potential
- lead productive, creative lives
IT IS ABOUT:
- expanding people’s choices
- enhancing capabilities
THROUGH:
- having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living
- participating in the life of the community
- participating in decisions effecting their lives
Human development definition
‘Creating and environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests. It is about expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities (the range of hinge people can be and do), having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living, and participating in the life of heir community and decisions effecting their lives.’
Sustainability meaning
Meeting he needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
This includes economic, social and environmental areas…
Economic sustainability
The capacity of future generations to earn an income and the efficient use of resources to allow economic growth over time. Developing countries often experience low levels of economic sustainability.
Social sustainability
Relates to the future generations having the same or improved access to social resources such as human rights, political stability and education. In developing countries there are often low levels of social sustainability
Environmental sustainability
Relates to ensuring the natural environment is utilised in a way that will preserve resources into the future. Human activities should use natural recourses only at a rate that allows these resources to replenish for future generations. In developing countries this is often a challenge, as many of these countries often exploit their natural environment as a means of generating income and facilitating trade.
Sanitation
The process of eliminating contact between humans and hazardous wastes, including human and animal faeces, solid wastes, domestic wastewater (sewage, grey water), industrial wastes and agricultural wastes
Malaria
A communicable disease that is transmitted via infected mosquitoes.
Congenital malformations
Refers to physical defects developing either in the uterus or dating from birth
Global health
The health of populations in a worldwide context that goes beyond the perspectives and concerns of individual countries. Global health is about an international collaborative approach to achieving equity in health for all people worldwide.
What are the economic characteristics of developed countries?
- low international debt
- wide range of industries
- many opportunities for global trade
- high average incomes
What are the characteristics of developed and developing countries?
Environmental
Economic
Social
What are three social characteristics of developed countries?
Gender equality
Developed health systems
High levels of education
What are the environmental characteristics of developed countries?
- safe water and sanitation
- access to food
- adequate housing
- adequate infrastructure
Human development index
A tool used by the United Nations to measure and rank countries.
What are the 3 dimensions of the human development index?
Health
Education
Living standards
What are the 4 indicators of the human development index?
Life expectancy at birth
Mean years of schooling
Expected years of schooling
GNI per capita
How is the mortality strata ranked?
Child mortality / adult male mortality A - very low / very low - eg. Australia B - low / low - eg. China C - low / high - eg. Russian federation D - high / high - eg. Afghanistan E - high / very high - eg. Ethiopia
What is an example of a country ranked ‘A’ in e mortality strata?
Australia
What is an example of a country ranked ‘B’ in e mortality strata?
China
What is an example of a country ranked ‘C’ in e mortality strata?
Russian federation
What is an example of a country ranked ‘D’ in e mortality strata?
Afghanistan
What is an example of a country ranked ‘E’ in e mortality strata?
Ethiopia
What is health status?
An individual’s or a populations overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.
What are the factors that influence health and human development in developing countries and Australia??
Income Gender equality Peace and political stability Access to health care Education Physical environment Global marketing
What has a negative effect on global marketing?
Alcohol
Tobacco
Processed foods
What is double burden of disease?
It is where there is a problem in developing countries with malnutrition but also with lifestyle diseases such as diabetes and CVD
What is globalisation?
The process whereby boundaries between countries are reduced or eliminated allowing individuals, groups and companies to act on a global scale. It can be described as transforming the different societies of the world into one global society. A reduction in barriers to trade, communication and transport contributes to this process.
What is meant by global marketing?
Advertising, marketing and selling goods around the world. Boundaries between countries are reduced or eliminated, allowing individuals, groups or companies to act on a global scale.
