Global Health Flashcards
What is global health?
priority on improving health and achieving health equity for all people
What are examples of the role of global health on communicable diseases?
- COVID-19 pandemic
- Polio Global Eradication Initiative
What are examples of the role of global health on non-communicable diseases?
mental health
esp on failure to regulate social media
What is the role of the WHO?
- attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health
- enforces International Health Regulations
- able to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?
- Used by the UN to quantify development in general between 0.001 and 0.999
- Groups countries into Very High, High, Medium and LOw
- used when drawing statistical comparisons
What are the measures of development used in the HDI?
- Knowledge: based on education and literacy
- Healthy life: based on life expectancy
- Standard of Living: based on Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
What is the term Global South used for?
- denote countries where income tends to be low + are recently industrialising
- tend to have a colonial history
What is the purpose of using HIC and LMIC?
to differentiate between settings based on an objective measure of wealth
What is WASH?
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
What is the aim for the Water part of WASH?
safe water for drinking, washing and domestic activities (30%)
(UN human right)
What is the aim for the Sanitation part of WASH?
safe removal of waste including toilets and waste disposal (60%)
What is the aim for the Hygiene part of WASH?
a range of activities that encourage healthy behaviour practices
What are the diseases that can be prevented with the proper application of WASH?
- diarrhoea
- malaria
- schistomiasis
- trachoma
- intestinal helminths
- japanese encephalitis
- Hep A
What about the Sustainable Development Goals?
UN - 2015
- 17 goals to be achieved by 15 years
What is maternal mortality an indicator of?
- quantifying gender equality
- quantifying health system development
- an indicator of health and wellbeing
- a measure of how accessible/responsive/effective a health system is
What is the Maternal Mortality Ratio?
number of deaths/number of live deaths per 100,000 live births
What is a maternal death?
the death of a woman while pregnant/within 42 days of termination of pregnancy from any cause by the pregnancy but not from accidental or incidental causes
What is Planetary Health?
A discipline that recognises our coexistence as human beings with the world around us (balance between human consumption and planetary sustainability)
What is AntiMicrobial Resistance?
When ABx/antivirals/anti fungals/anti parasitic become less effective as pathogens evolve
What are the consequences of AntiMicrobial Resistance?
- increasing incidence of multi-drug resistant bacteria
- may make it impossible to preform surgery
What are the possible solutions available to AntiMicrobial Resistance?
- understanding the science behind resistance
- reduce availability of all ABx + introduce more safeguards for broad spectrum ABx
Who would have to be involved in the effort to combat AntiMicrobial Resistance?
- vetinarians
- agriculture
- business
- politicians
What is the Harm principle?
“The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others.”
What is the tragedy of the commons?
that describes how people degrade a common good for personal consumption, in spite of the consequent overall societal loss.
