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LMAP YR2 > Adult Health > Flashcards

Adult Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors that predispose someone to drug misuse?

A
  • ACEs
  • mental health issues
  • other diverse factors
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2
Q

What are the impacts of drug misuse?

A
  • smoked: lung issues
  • injected: blood clots, bacterial skin infections, viral infections
  • struggle with formal work
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3
Q

What support is available for those who misuse drugs?

A
  • GP, secondary care, psychiatry services, specialist services
  • methadone (heroin substitute)
  • non-medication pain management
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4
Q

What risk factors predispose people to alcohol misuse?

A
  • men and middle aged
  • less deprived
  • mental illness
  • childhood abuse
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5
Q

What are the impacts of alcohol abuse?

A
  • relationship breakdown
  • domestic abuse
  • crime
  • road traffic accidents
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6
Q

What support is available for those suffering with alcohol misuse?

A
  • brief advice + self care + follow up

- planned withdrawal (primary care), reducing doses of chlordiazepoxide then acamprosate

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7
Q

What are the acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms?

A
  • hypertension
  • tachycardia
  • sweating
  • tremor
  • agitation
  • delirium tremens
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8
Q

What’s included in delirium tremens?

A
  • hypothermia
  • confusion
  • seizures
  • hallucinations
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9
Q

What are does alcohol misuse become a risk factor for?

A

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency)

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10
Q

What is classified as alcohol misuse?

A
  • > 14 units per week

- binge drinking

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11
Q

What are the health inequalities experienced by men?

A
  • shorter life expectancy
  • less likely to show health seeking behaviours
  • suicide and mental health
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12
Q

What is the trend seen in the difference in the life expectancy between men and women

A

The gap between life expectancies is greater in higher income countries

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13
Q

What are the possible reasons that men have a shorter life expectancy?

A
  • suffer life limiting disease sooner
  • higher mortality rate
  • more accidental injury and interpersonal violence
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14
Q

Why are men less likely to seek healthcare?

A
  • stigma on mental health
  • less socially connected
  • more prone to substance misuse, alcohol dependence and homelessness
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15
Q

What is the prevalence of men committing suicide?

A

3/4 suicides are male (females tend to attempt)

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16
Q

Why are men more successful at committing suicide?

A
  • more violent manners of committing suicide

- presents signs of depression differently (more irritable)

17
Q

What interventions are being put into place to reduce the health inequalities experienced by men?

A
  • workplace health initiatives

- social prescribing initiatives

18
Q

What is self care?

A

what people do for themselves to establish and maintain health + to prevent and deal with illness

19
Q

What are the benefits of self care?

A
  • can modify personal and intermediate risk factors for NCDs

- helps with communicable diseases via risk avoidance!, good hygiene and health literacy

20
Q

What causes Wernicke’s Encephalopathy?

A

caused by vitamin B1 (thiamine deficiency)

21
Q

What symptoms are associated with Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

A
  • gait
  • balance disturbance
  • altered consciousness
  • eye movement abnormalities
22
Q

What is Wernicke’s Encephalopathy?

A

a neurological emergency

23
Q

What is the likely treatment for Wernicke’s Encephalopathy?

A

IV thiamine

24
Q

What can be used to maintain abstinence?

A
  • acamprosate

- talking therapy

25
Q

For what diseases are lifestyle changes recommended?

A
  • hypertension
  • hypercholesterolemia
  • diabetes
26
Q

What is the impact of exercise on T1DM and T2DM?

A

aerobic: reduces mortality
resistance: increases insulin sensitivity

27
Q

What lifestyle behaviour has the most significant impact on energy balance?

A

Diet

28
Q

What is the process associated with cell ageing, that can be altered by physical activity?

A

Telomere shortening

LMAP YR2 (10 decks)

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