Adolescent Health

Question 1

Define good sexual health?

Answer 1

A state of physical, mental, and social well-being in relation to sexuality

Question 2

What is needed to have good sexual health?

Answer 2

• a respectful approach to sexuality + sexual relationships

- possibility of having pleasurable + safe sexual experiences free of coercion/discrimination/violence

Question 3

What are the benefits associated with good sexual health?

Answer 3

• improved physical + mental health outcomes

- positively influences social and emotional wellbeing

Question 4

What’s are the possible consequences of poor sexual health?

Answer 4

• unplanned pregnancies and abortions
• pyschological consequences
• STIs

Question 5

What are some examples of STIs?

Answer 5

• chlamydia
• gonorrhoea
• first episode genital warts
• first episode genital herpes

Question 6

What does HPV immunisation prevent?

Answer 6

• cervical cancer
• some throat/mouth cancers
• some anal/genital cancers/warts

Question 7

How do you prevent HIV transmission?

Answer 7

PrEP/PEP

Question 8

What can cause sexual dysfunction?

Answer 8

• smoking
• prolonged alcohol misuse
• stress
• poor mental health

Question 9

What is the impact of physical activity during pregnancy?

Answer 9

Decreases risk of:

• hypertension
• pre-eclampsia
• gestational diabetes
• severe depressive symptoms

Question 10

What is a micro biome?

Answer 10

• majority of microbes found in the gut

- interacts with nervous and immune systems

Question 11

What are the factors that influence the micro biome diversity and health?

Answer 11

• genetics
• age
• environment
• stress
• diet
• physical activity
• drugs
• birthing process
• infant feeding method

Question 12

What is foetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 12

• small stature
• facial abnormality
• cardiac defects
• cognitive deficit

Question 13

What is the first stage of intervention when taking a life-course approach?

Answer 13

Pre-conception

Question 14

What are 2 key concepts of maternal nutrition?

Answer 14

• folic acid

- vitamin D

Question 15

What is the role of folic acid in pregnancy?

Answer 15

Reduces the risk of neural tube defects

Question 16

What is the role of Vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 16

Promotes bone health

Question 17

When should folic acid be taken during pregnancy?

Answer 17

Before conception and up to 12 weeks pregnancy

Question 18

When should Vitamin D be taken during pregnancy?

Answer 18

Throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding

Question 19

Describe the impacts of good quality relationships on health?

Answer 19

• oxytocin is released in response to social connection, sex, labour and child birth
• live a longer and healthier lifestyle
• suffer less from mental health issues
• better recovery from physical/mental stressors
• better CVD health
• stronger immune system
• lower severity of perceived physical pain

Question 20

What is the effect of oxytocin?

Answer 20

Promotes:

• social bonding
• prosocial behaviour
• empathy
• elevates mood
• reduces stress

Question 21

What is the difference of the impact of relationships on health in men and women?

Answer 21

• women are more likely to have more intimate relationships, share personal matters and feel supported
• women are more affected by the negative aspects of close relationships

Question 22

What can domestic abuse impact?

Answer 22

• sexual
• emotion
• psychological
• social

Question 23

What is the impact of domestic abuse on pregnancy?

Answer 23

Increased risk of:

• miscarriage
• infection
• premature birth
• post natal injury/death

Question 24

What are the different types of connections according to the UCLA loneliness scale?

Answer 24

• intimate connections
• regional connections
• collective connections

Question 25

What is the impact of physical activity during pregnancy?

Answer 25

Decreases risk of:

• hypertension
• pre-eclampsia
• gestational diabetes
• severe depressive symptoms

Question 26

What are the functions of the microbiome?

Answer 26

• metabolite production
• vitamin production
• role in the immune system
• role in the ENS/CNS

Question 27

What vitamins are produced by the gut microbiome?

Answer 27

• Vit K

- components of Vit B

Question 28

What role does the microbiome lay in metabolite production?

Answer 28

• produce secondary metabolites
• detoxify toxins and breakdown fibre/resistant starches
• fermentation releases SCFAs (energy source, lowers colonic pH, maintains immune homeostasis)

Question 29

What is the impact of a poor diet/unhealthy microbiome on the immune system?

Answer 29

Low level, chronic inflammatory state/leaky gut (LPS’s in blood stream)

Question 30

What is the role of the microbiome in the immune system?

Answer 30

• tolerates beneficial micro-organisms while preventing pathogen overgrowth
• can regulate innate and adaptive immune cells

Question 31

Define non-volitional sex.

Answer 31

Any sexual behaviour that violates a person’s right to choose freely when and with whom to have sex and what sexual behaviours to engage in.

Question 32

What is the most prevalent STI according to NATSAL?

Answer 32

HPV

Question 33

What is the Guttmacher-Lancet commission definition of sexual health?

Answer 33

Sexual and reproductive health is a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being inrelation to all aspects of sexuality and reproduction, not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity

Question 34

What is the gold standard for diagnosing insomnia?

Answer 34

Interview and sleep diary